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Changes in socioeconomic resources and mental health after the second COVID-19 wave (2020–2021): a longitudinal study in Switzerland

2023; BioMed Central; Volume: 22; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1186/s12939-023-01853-2

1475-9276

Stefano Tancredi, Agnė Ulytė, Cornelia Wagner, Dirk Keidel, Melissa Witzig, Medea Imboden, Nicole Probst‐Hensch, Rebecca Amati, Emiliano Albanese, Sara Levati, Luca Crivelli, Philipp Köhler, Alexia Cusini, Christian R. Kahlert, E Harju, Gisela Michel, Chantal Lüdi, Natalia Ortega, Stéphanie Baggio, Patricia Chocano-Bedoya, Nicolas Rodondi, Tala Ballouz, Anja Frei, Marco Kaufmann, Viktor von Wyl, Elsa Lorthe, Hélène Baysson, Silvia Stringhini, Valentine Schneider, Marco Kaufmann, Frank Wieber, Thomas Volken, Annina E. Zysset, Julia Dratva, Stéphane Cullati, Antonio Amendola, A Anagnostopoulos, Daniela Anker, Anna Maria Annoni, Hélène E. Aschmann, Andrew S. Azman, Antoine Bal, Kleona Bezani, Annette Blattmann, Patrick Bleich, Murielle Bochud, Patrick Bodenmann, Gaëlle Bryand Rumley, Peter Buttaroni, Audrey Butty, Anne-Linda Camerini, Arnaud Chioléro, Patricia Chocano-Bedoya, Prune Collombet, Laurie Corna, Valérie D’Acremont, Diana Sofia Da Costa Santos, Agathe Deschamps, Anja Domenghino, Richard Dubos, Roxane Dumont, Olivier Duperrex, Julien Dupraz, Malik Egger, Emna El-May, Nacira El Merjani, Nathalie Engler, Adina Mihaela Epure, Lukas Erksam, Sandrine Estoppey, Marta Fadda, Vincent Faivre, Jan Fehr, Andrea Felappi, Maddalena Fiordelli, Antoine Flahault, Luc Fornerod, Cristina Fragoso Corti, Natalie Francioli, Marion Frangville, Irène Frank, Giovanni Franscella, Marco Geigges, Semira Gonseth, Clément Graindorge, Idris Guessous, Séverine Harnal, Emilie Jendly, Ayoung Jeong, Christian R. Kahlert, Laurent Kaiser, Simone Kessler, Christine Krähenbühl, Susi Kriemler, Julien Lamour, Pierre Lescuyer, Andrea Loizeau, Chantal Luedi, Jean‐Luc Magnin, Chantal Martinez, Éric Masserey, Dominik Menges, Rosalba Morese, Nicolai Mösli, Natacha Noël, Daniel H. Paris, Jérôme Pasquier, Francesco Pennacchio, Stefan M. Pfister, Giovanni Piumatti, Géraldine Poulain, Caroline Pugin, Milo A. Puhan, Nick Pullen, Thomas Radtke, Manuela Rasi, Aude Richard, Viviane Richard, Claude-François Robert, Pierre‐Yves Rodondi, Serena Sabatini, Khadija Samir, Javier Sanchis Zozaya, Virginie Schlüter, Alexia Schmid, Maria Schüpbach, Nathalie Schwab, Claire Semaani, Alexandre Speierer, Amélie Steiner-Dubuis, Stéphanie Testini, Julien Thabard, Mauro Tonolla, Nicolas Troillet, Agnė Ulytė, Sophie Vassaux, Thomas Vermes, Jennifer Villers, Rylana Wenger, Erin West, Ania Wisniak, María‐Eugenia Zaballa, Kyra D. Zens, Claire Zuppinger,

Health disparities and outcomes

Abstract Background During the 2020/2021 winter, the labour market was under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in socioeconomic resources during this period could have influenced individual mental health. This association may have been mitigated or exacerbated by subjective risk perceptions, such as perceived risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 or perception of the national economic situation. Therefore, we aimed to determine if changes in financial resources and employment situation during and after the second COVID-19 wave were prospectively associated with depression, anxiety and stress, and whether perceptions of the national economic situation and of the risk of getting infected modified this association. Methods One thousand seven hundred fifty nine participants from a nation-wide population-based eCohort in Switzerland were followed between November 2020 and September 2021. Financial resources and employment status were assessed twice (Nov2020–Mar2021, May–Jul 2021). Mental health was assessed after the second measurement of financial resources and employment status, using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). We modelled DASS-21 scores with linear regression, adjusting for demographics, health status, social relationships and changes in workload, and tested interactions with subjective risk perceptions. Results We observed scores above thresholds for normal levels for 16% (95%CI = 15–18) of participants for depression, 8% (95%CI = 7–10) for anxiety, and 10% (95%CI = 9–12) for stress. Compared to continuously comfortable or sufficient financial resources, continuously precarious or insufficient resources were associated with worse scores for all outcomes. Increased financial resources were associated with higher anxiety. In the working-age group, shifting from full to part-time employment was associated with higher stress and anxiety. Perceiving the Swiss economic situation as worrisome was associated with higher anxiety in participants who lost financial resources or had continuously precarious or insufficient resources. Conclusion This study confirms the association of economic stressors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights the exacerbating role of subjective risk perception on this association.