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Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to Vaccination for COVID-19 Are Negatively Impacted by Senescent T Cells: A Case Report

2023; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 11; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/vaccines11040840

2076-393X

Eliane Aparecida Rosseto-Welter, Silvia Sanches Rodrigues, Amanda Braga Figueiredo, Carolina Nunes França, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, André Luís Lacerda Bachi, Jônatas Bussador do Amaral, Ricardo Andreotti Siqueira, Laiz Camerão Bento, Ana Paula da Silva, Nydia Strachman Bacal, Carlos Eduardo dos Santos Ferreira, Cristóvão Luís Pitangueira Mangueira, João Renato Rebello Pinho,

Retinal and Optic Conditions

Herein, we aimed to follow up on the cellular and humoral immune responses of a group of individuals who initially received the CoronaVac vaccine, followed by a booster with the Pfizer vaccine.Blood samples were collected: before and 30 days after the first CoronaVac dose; 30, 90, and 180 days after the second CoronaVac dose, and also 20 days after the booster with the Pfizer vaccine.Whilst the positivity to gamma interferon-type cellular response increased after the first CoronaVac dose, neutralizing and IgG antibody levels only raised 30 days after the second dose, followed by a drop in these responses after 90 and 180 days. The booster with the Pfizer vaccine elicited a robust cellular and humoral response. A higher number of double-negative and senescent T cells, as well as increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were found in the participants with lower humoral immune responses.CoronaVac elicited an early cellular response, followed by a humoral response, which dropped 90 days after the second dose. The booster with the Pfizer vaccine significantly enhanced these responses. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory systemic status was found in volunteers who presented senescent T cells, which could putatively impair the immune response to vaccination.