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Ganoderma zonatum Causes Butt Rot of Areca ( Dypsis lutescens ) and Robellini ( Phoenix roebelenii ) Palms in Florida

2023; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 107; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-01-23-0083-pdn

1943-7692

Braham Dhillon, Syamal Chakrabarti,

Forest Insect Ecology and Management

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 107, No. 9Ganoderma zonatum Causes Butt Rot of Areca (Dypsis lutescens) and Robellini (Phoenix roebelenii) Palms in Florida PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseGanoderma zonatum Causes Butt Rot of Areca (Dypsis lutescens) and Robellini (Phoenix roebelenii) Palms in FloridaB. Dhillon and S. ChakrabartiB. Dhillon†Corresponding author: B. Dhillon; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-1949Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Davie, FL 33314 and S. ChakrabartiDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Davie, FL 33314AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations B. Dhillon † S. Chakrabarti Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Davie, FL 33314 Published Online:23 Aug 2023https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-23-0083-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleGanoderma butt rot is a lethal disease of palms (Arecaceae) prevalent in palm-growing regions in the United States that infects at least 58 species of palms (Elliott and Broschat 2001). Early symptoms appear as wilting of older fronds in the lower part of the canopy, and as disease progresses, wilting advances to younger leaves higher in the canopy toward the unopened spear leaf, eventually killing the palm. A characteristic sign of the disease is the appearance of fruiting bodies (basidiomata) at the base of the palm trunk close to the soil line. Ganoderma butt rot disease was detected on clustering palm species, areca palms, with nine (82%) clusters showing Ganoderma basidiocarps and dead stumps, and mortality was observed in five (45%) clusters. A sterile scalpel was used to transfer the context tissue from Ganoderma basidiomata to full-strength potato dextrose agar selective media supplemented with streptomycin (100 mg/liter), lactic acid (2 ml/liter), and benomyl (4 mg/liter). The pure culture for the isolate GAN-33 was grown at 28°C in complete darkness for 10 days. The fungal colony was ivory white in color and grew radially as a dense mycelial mat without any sporulation. To establish the identity of the fungus, DNA was extracted using the Qiagen DNeasy PowerSoil kit (cat. no. 12888). Three barcoding genes, nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1α), were amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), bRPB2-6f/bRPB2-b7.1R (Matheny et al. 2007), and EF1-983F/EF1-2212R (Matheny et al. 2007), respectively. The sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KX853442, KX853466, and KX853491 for ITS, rpb2, and tef1α, respectively (Elliott et al. 2018). Comparison with the NCBI nucleotide sequence database identified the isolate GAN-33 as Ganoderma zonatum based on 100, 99, and 99% similarity to ITS, rpb2, and tef1α sequences, respectively. Pathogenicity of the G. zonatum isolate GAN-33 was determined on 1-year-old seedlings of areca palm (Dypsis lutescens) and pygmy date palm (Phoenix roebelenii). G. zonatum inoculum was prepared by transferring 2-week-old cultures to autoclaved wheat berries and allowed to colonize for 2 weeks. Seedlings were gently removed from the pot, and the roots were trimmed before placing them back in the pot, ensuring that the roots were in contact with the G. zonatum-colonized wheat berries. The inoculated and control seedlings were maintained in a growth chamber at 28°C and 60% relative humidity (daytime) and 24°C and 50% relative humidity (night time) with a 16 h/8 h light/dark period and watered twice a week. Initial wilting symptoms started appearing approximately 1 month after inoculation, and mortality was observed for a total of four seedlings at 3 months after inoculation; that is, two out of three G. zonatum-inoculated seedlings died for both areca and robellini palms, whereas the noninoculated areca and robellini palm control seedlings remained healthy and alive. The pathogen was reisolated from inoculated roots, and its identity was confirmed by colony morphology and PCR using G. zonatum-specific primers (Chakrabarti et al. 2023). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report establishing G. zonatum as the pathogen responsible for Ganoderma butt rot of palms.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Chakrabarti, S., et al. 2023. Plant Dis. 107:682. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-21-2837-RE Link, ISI, Google ScholarElliott, M. L., and Broschat, T. 2001. Palms 45:62. Google ScholarElliott, M. L., et al. 2018. Mycologia 110:339. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1442083 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMatheny, P. B., et al. 2007. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 43:430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.024 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarAny opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) or the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).Funding: This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project FLA-FTL-005926.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 107, No. 9 September 2023SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 29 Sep 2023 Published: 23 Aug 2023 First Look: 8 May 2023 Accepted: 8 May 2023 Page: 2844 Information© 2023 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Institute of Food and AgricultureGrant/Award Number: FLA-FTL-005926Keywordsarecabutt rotGanoderma zonatumpalmsrobelliniThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download