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Noninteractive xor Quantum Oblivious Transfer: Optimal Protocols and Their Experimental Implementations

2023; American Physical Society; Volume: 4; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1103/prxquantum.4.020320

2691-3399

Lara Stroh, Nikola Horová, Robert Stárek, Ittoop Vergheese Puthoor, Michal Mičuda, Miloslav Dušek, Erika Andersson,

Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research

Oblivious transfer (OT) is an important cryptographic primitive. Any multiparty computation can be realized with OT as building block. xor oblivious transfer (XOT) is a variant where the sender Alice has two bits and a receiver Bob obtains either the first bit, the second bit, or their xor. Bob should not learn anything more than this and Alice should not learn what Bob has learnt. Perfect quantum OT with information-theoretic security is known to be impossible. We determine the smallest possible cheating probabilities for unrestricted dishonest parties in noninteractive quantum XOT protocols using symmetric pure states and present an optimal protocol, which outperforms classical protocols. We also "reverse" this protocol, so that Bob becomes sender of a quantum state and Alice the receiver who measures it, while still implementing oblivious transfer from Alice to Bob. Cheating probabilities for both parties stay the same as for the unreversed protocol. We optically implement both the unreversed and the reversed protocols, and cheating strategies, noting that the reversed protocol is easier to implement.Received 23 September 2022Accepted 30 March 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020320Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasQuantum communicationQuantum cryptographyQuantum protocolsQuantum Information