A Brief Note on the Origin of the Dialectal Russian galtýr'
2005; Maney Publishing; Volume: 83; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1353/see.2005.0127
ISSN2222-4327
Autores Tópico(s)Linguistics and Cultural Studies
ResumoSEER,Vol. 83, NJo. 3,July 2005 MARGINALIA A BriefNote on the Originof theDialectal Russian galtjr' BRIAN COOPER VASMER'S etymological dictionary has only a brief remark on this word:1'eine rillenformigeVerzierungam Fensterrahmen.Arch. (Podv.) Kaum von nhd. Halter 'Halter von Gardinen' (A groove-shaped decoration on a window-frame. Archangel dialect [Podvysockij ]. Hardly from German Halter"curtainholder"'). Podvysockij,who lists this Archangel'sk dialect word, defines it thus:2 'BbIeMKa B BH4e ?KOAo6KH, AeAaeMaH IAq YKpaiueH43 Ha OKOHHbIX paMax, 4ABep5X HAH HHO CTOAAPHo0 pa6oTe' ('A hollowin theformof a groovemacle for decoration on window frames, doors or other joinery'). He also gives from the area of Lake Onega the following example of its use, which indicates that it is treated as feminine: 'Y eBo BCH paMOMIKH raATbIpb1O noHaAeAaHbI' ('Allhis framesare decoratedwith fluting'). It would seem reasonable to agree with Vasmer'srejectionof a lirnk with German Halter,on semantic grounds apart from anything else. Moreover, an immediate loan from Halterwould be expected to have the stressgaltyr'ratherthan galtyr'.There is a small piece of evidence which may argue in favour of the link, but this applies to a different sense of the Russian word. Slovar'russkich narodnych govorov lists this second meaning, derived from a source labelled Arch.I9IO and thus later than Podvysockij:3 '1HHCbMeHHaH fHHHMaAzexKHOCTb py'IKa' ('Writingmaterial a pen[-holder]'). In this sense, 'pen-holder', thie Russianword startlinglyoverlapsone use of GermanHalter,in which it also takes the form Federhalter, 'pen-holder, pen'. However, the tvwo senses of Russiangaltyr',so divergent from each other, would suggest the possibilitythat two differentloanwordsmay be involved, with only that meaning 'pen-holder'being linkedwith Halter. If this is indeed the case, what light might be thrown on the other loan, denoting a groove-shaped decoration on window frames, doors or otherjoinery?A more likelysource ofgaltyr'in this sense is another Brian Cooper is an Affiliated Lecturer in the Department of Slavonic Studies at the University of Cambridge. ' Max Vasmer, Russischesetymologisches Wdrterbuch, zweite unveranderte Auflage, 3 vols, Heidelberg, I976-80 (hereafter, Vasmer), s.v. galtyr'. 2 A. Podvysockij, Slovar'oblastnogo archangelt'skogo narec"iya, St Petersburg, I885, p. 29. I Slovar'russkich narodnych govorov, Moscow and Leningrad, I 965- [in progress] (hereafter, Slovar'govorov), s.v. galtyr'. BRIAN COOPER 491 German word, Hohlkehle,'groove, channel, hollowed moulding, cavetto', whence Hohlkehlhobel, 'grooving plane, rabbet plane'. This word (orperhapslesslikelyits Dutch equivalentholkeel)4 was borrowed into standardRussianasa masculinenoun in the formglM'ke', recorded with both stressesin the incomplete last pre-Soviet dictionary of the Academy of Sciences (i895-)5 and in the fourth edition of Dal' (I 9' 2- 4),6 in which it is defined as a groove or flutingand as the type ofplane usedto makesuchfluting.Accordingto thecombined evidence of these two dictionaries, it would appear that from this original loanword there emerged (perhaps by dissimilation,g-k- > g-t-) a phonetically corrupted version, goltil', also masculine, a feminine variantgaltil', and a masculine variantgolty1'(recordedwith genitive goltyljd by Dal'). In modern Russian the survivingvariants are galtel', masculine, and galtel',feminine, according to the second edition of Slovar' sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo jazyka(i 991 i-)7 and Krysin's dictionary of foreign words.8 Galtel'is defined as a moulding plane, cornice plane or ogee plane used for making grooves on cornices, and 4 In support of a German origin of the Russian words, it should perhaps be noted that several nouns for various types of plane are borrowed from German compounds with the basic word Hobel(dialectally Hdbel,Hibel), giving Russian masculine compounds in -gzubel' or -u'bel',more rarely -g6bel' or -chobel'and, in cases of a Polish intermediary, -(ch)ebel'or -ibel' (via Polish hebelor dialectal hybel,see also Ukrainian he(m)bel'and hybel', 'plane'). Notable among them are these: i) standard Russian zenzubel'and its older variants zinzzibel', zynzzibel', zimzzibel' and zimsgobel', 'moulding plane, ogee plane' [ -l-r), which can readily occur in dialectal words. Furtherexamples of this -1' / -r' alternationcan be foundamong othermasculinenouns ending in a softsign, such as the doublet bljdgil' / bljdgz'r', 'massicot'(withinitial stress in Dal', final stress in Segal).'0 As for the gender of galtyr' (feminine in contrast to the masculine of goltyl'),it is...
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