Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Formation of the Brazilian Network for Research and Training in Neuroscience and Physical Activity: a meeting report
2023; American Physical Society; Volume: 47; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1152/advan.00060.2023
ISSN1522-1229
AutoresNatáli Valím Oliver Bento-Torres, João Bento‐Torres, Andréa Camaz Deslandes, Carlos Alexandre Netto, Luiz Fernando Freire Royes, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira, Pâmela Billig Mello‐Carpes,
Tópico(s)Healthcare Regulation
ResumoMeeting Reports and AnnouncementsFormation of the Brazilian Network for Research and Training in Neuroscience and Physical Activity: a meeting reportNatáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres, João Bento-Torres, Andrea Camaz Deslandes, Carlos Alexandre Netto, Luiz Fernando Freire Royes, Felipe Schuch, Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira, and Pâmela Billig Mello-CarpesNatáli Valim Oliver Bento-TorresFederal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil, João Bento-TorresFederal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil, Andrea Camaz DeslandesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Carlos Alexandre NettoFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Luiz Fernando Freire RoyesFederal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Felipe SchuchFederal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Ionara Rodrigues SiqueiraFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, andPâmela Billig Mello-CarpesFederal University of Pampa. Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilPublished Online:19 Jul 2023https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00060.2023This is the final version - click for previous versionMoreSectionsPDF (453 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat INTRODUCTIONThis Meeting Report describes the Symposium “Physical Exercise and Brain Health” and the foundation of the Brazilian Network for Research and Training in Neuroscience and Physical Activity. The meeting aimed to bring together researchers from across Brazil to integrate and disseminate information on neuroscience and physical activity (PA) in an outreach activity, followed by a work-group meeting to formalize the creation of a network dedicated to research, education, and outreach in the field.PA is any body movement that requires increased energy expenditure over resting and includes physical exercise (1). The importance of PA for all ages to promote health, development, and rehabilitation of the brain and nervous system is well recognized (2), and it is a growing research area. Despite the scientific information available, insufficient information is delivered to schoolteachers, physical educators, and physical therapists, compromising evidence-based practice. A broader audience also requires more knowledge to limit the dissemination of neuromyths and fight the high level of physical inactivity (3). To contribute to evidence-based practices, we promoted a series of lectures to communicate research to a broad audience in a free in-person event.Informal conversations between researchers on brain health and neuroscience gave us the common sense to bring together professionals with similar interests to leverage a network of academic collaboration. Therefore, we also intended to build a collaborative network on human movement science and neuroscience by engaging faculty members dedicated to research, outreach, and professional academic formation.ABOUT THE EVENTThe Symposium FormatThe symposium “Physical Exercise and Brain Health” occurred on November 24th, 2022. Social media was used to communicate the symposium program (Table 1), and free online registration was open before the symposium. Forty-five participants attended, including graduate students, faculty members, and the general audience. The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Brazil) held the event from 8:00 AM to 1:00 PM (GMT−3). For the broader audience, lectures were recorded and will be available on Activate YouTube Channel (https://www.youtube.com/@activa-te/streams).Table 1. Symposium programThematic Lecture/Activity (Time)Speakers and InstitutionWelcome and opening remarks (∼30 min)Prof. Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS)Brain and physical exercise during pregnancy and childhood (∼1 h)Prof. Carlos Alexandre Netto (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS)Prof. João Bento-Torres (Universidade Federal do Pará–UFPA)Coffee break and brainstorming between participants (∼30 min)All participantsBrain and physical exercise during adulthood (∼1.5 h)Prof. Luiz Fernando Freire Royes (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria–UFSM)Prof. Felipe Barreto Schuch (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria–UFSM)Brain and physical exercise during senescence (1 h)Prof. Pâmela Billig Mello-Carpes (Universidade Federal do Pampa–UNIPAMPA)Prof. Andrea Camaz Deslandes (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro–UFRJ)Prof. Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres (Universidade Federal do Pará–UFPA)Round table for general discussions and final remarks (∼30 min)All speakers and participantsOpening RemarksProf. Siqueira highlighted the role of brain-body interactions on mental and physical health. Previous findings (4) show that regular PA is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. However, despite the clear benefits of physical activity, planning professions in public health have ignored the fact that exercise program attendance is a relevant predictor of health status and well-being; consequently, barriers and motivators to adequate adherence must be considered, which can impact individual lives as much as economic and social indicators. In this context, Prof. Siqueira described the statement of the World Health Organization (WHO): “… Optimizing brain health cannot only reduce the prevalence and burden of neurological disorders, but also improve mental and physical health overall and create positive social and economic impacts, all of which contribute to greater well-being and help advance society, irrespective of the presence or absence of disorders.” In addition, the WHO position paper “Optimizing brain health across the life course” (5) further inspired us, and thus the meeting was structured to discuss the effects of physical exercise on brain health throughout the life span.Brain and Physical Exercise During Pregnancy and ChildhoodProf. Netto explored the effects of maternal physical activity during pregnancy in his talk. He showed animal studies revealing that physical activity interventions with mothers during pregnancy affect the offspring’s health throughout the life course (6). Prof. Netto detailed that different types of physical exercise protocols had intergenerational effects, promoting neuroprotection that prevented puppies from deficits related to brain injuries, such as neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (7, 8).Prof. João Bento-Torres explained that childhood obesity and undernutrition are detrimental to physical and brain health, particularly in cognitive development and academic performance. In Brazil, where both issues are prevalent, these consequences can have far-reaching impacts since access to quality education and health care is often limited for impoverished children.Obesity in childhood has been linked to lower cognitive performance and functional and structural changes in brain areas related to attention, memory, and executive function, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (9). These modifications may contribute to long-term deficits in cognitive function and academic achievement and increased risk of developing neurological disorders such as dementia later in life (10). Undernutrition, meanwhile, can lead to impaired cognitive development, with lifelong consequences for academic and professional success and reduced social potential later in life. Additionally, undernutrition has been associated with changes in brain structure and function, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which may contribute to cognitive deficits (11).Prof. João Bento-Torres mentioned that early-life nutritional imbalances are associated with permanent changes in the brain’s innate immune system, with a significant impact on the microglial homeostasis of aged rats (12), and reduce nitrergic activity in the hippocampus and striatum, which can be mitigated by exercise and ad libitum feeding, resulting in improved cognitive performance (13).Brain and Physical Exercise During AdulthoodProf. Royes discussed the role of physical exercise in the physiopathology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The talk highlighted that TBI is a devastating condition frequently followed by significant behavioral disabilities where the systemic response may be involved in secondary damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding the cross talk between the brain and peripheral organs in this scenario provides vital information to develop new, more effective therapeutic strategies against TBI-induced neurodegeneration. One of these strategies may be to support physical exercise, as some exercise protocols reduce TBI-induced secondary damage.Prof. Schuch provided an overview of 1) PA as a protective factor for the incidence of mental disorders; 2) exercise as an intervention to alleviate and treat mental health symptoms of those living with a mental disorder; and 3) potential neurobiological mechanisms related to the effects of exercise on mental health.The first topic was covered by presenting findings from three meta-analyses, which demonstrate that people with higher levels of PA have a 17% lower risk of developing depression (14) and that even half of the public health recommendations is associated with a lower incidence of depression (15). The second topic was discussed based on a study including >40 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of exercise versus control groups, revealing a large-sized effect favoring exercise (16). The topic was closed by showing that some guidelines are starting to incorporate PA as a first-line treatment for depression (17). The third topic covered the extant evidence on the effects of exercise on some biomarkers in people with depression. The main potential mechanisms covered referred to the modulatory effects of exercise on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and brain structures and function (17).Brain and Physical Exercise During SenescenceProf. Mello-Carpes introduced the session by discussing the normal brain changes in the senescence process. Among other alterations, aging promotes structural and molecular distributions that lead to dysfunctional synaptic plasticity and memory deficits, which, in general, do not cause significant damage to the older adult’s daily life activities; however, cognitive deficits related to aging are accentuated when neurodegenerative diseases are presented, such as Alzheimer’s disease.The speaker highlighted that the health of the aging brain is related to lifestyle, being influenced by education, social interactions, sleep quality, and other factors, including physical exercise practice. In addition, she illustrated some of the mechanisms by which physical exercise influences the brain, including the increase of brain blood flow and angiogenesis, induction of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, positive influence on the oxidative balance, neurotransmission modulation, action of peripheral factors in the brain (such as myosins) that influences genomic regulation, structural changes, and brain health. Dr. Mello-Carpes also presented results from her laboratory demonstrating the effects of different types of physical exercise in aged rats and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (18).Prof. Deslandes addressed the effects of the aging process and physical exercise on the communication between brain and muscle and the consequences for physical and mental health. An active lifestyle attenuates the hallmarks of aging, affecting functionality, intrinsic capacity, and quality of life. Physical exercise is a low-cost and accessible way to improve functional ability and well-being and additional and complementary treatment for prevalent mental disorders in older adults, such as major depression, anxiety, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) developed in her laboratory showed significant improvements in cognitive, motor, emotional, functional, and physiological outcomes of older patients with depression, MCI, and dementia due to aerobic, resistance, and multimodal training.In addition to the already expected benefits of physical exercise, interventions associated with higher cognitive demand (e.g., exercise with dual-task or virtual reality) seem to enhance the effects of traditional training, improving executive functions, especially in institutionalized older adults (19). Prof. Deslandes emphasized the need to investigate motor function as a possible biomarker of neurocognitive disorders. These low-cost and easy-to-apply biomarkers can contribute to predicting and better differentiating healthy aging from MCI and patients with dementia, considering the close relationship between physical and mental health. Recent studies have shown good accuracy in gait, dual-task, and spatial navigation performance assessments to differentiate healthy older adults and those with MCI and dementia (20, 21).Prof. Natáli Bento-Torres focused her lecture on the dual-task exercise interventions to prevent age-related cognitive declines. Prof. Bento-Torres discussed two clinical trials that explored different modalities of physical exercise, multimodal and mat Pilates, associated with a previously published multisensorial stimuli protocol for older adults (22). In the first trial, the dual-task multimodal physical exercise training included moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, and stretching exercises and showed significant improvements in cognition (episodic memory, sustained visual attention), intrinsic capacities (functional mobility, cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limb strength resistance, and agility), quality of life, and dual-task performance compared with the no-exercise control group (23).The second trial examined a dual-task Pilates intervention for healthy postmenopausal older women (24). The intervention was based on mat Pilates exercises, which required strength, balance, and coordination, while engaging in challenging cognitive tasks and improved cognitive outcomes (semantic and phonological verbal fluency, immediate memory, and evocation memory) and intrinsic capacities (lower limb muscle strength, balance), reducing the dual-task cost. Overall, the results of these trials suggest that dual-task stimulation strategies are feasible and effective approaches to be included in primary preventive care as a public health policy.Discussions and Final RemarksInteractions between participants and the audience occurred during the coffee break and after talks. The speakers made a call for action to invest in education, research, and guiding public health policies to promote physical and mental health through physical literacy during life. In addition, they highlighted the need to build bridges between research and society. This could be done in collaborative actions to promote the continuous training of students and health professionals, emphasizing the importance of disseminating the neuroscience of PA, especially among schoolteachers and students.BRAZILIAN NETWORK FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN NEUROSCIENCE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CREATIONJust after the public symposium, we proceeded with a closed meeting to create the Brazilian Network for Research and Training in Neuroscience and Physical Activity. The first brainstorming was conducted during the 2019 XLII Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Society of Neurosciences and Behavior. On that occasion, some of the members organized two nonintegrated symposia on brain health and physical exercise and, in an informal conversation, discussed the need for more collaboration to promote the growth and dissemination of the field. From this occasion, virtual and face-to-face meetings were realized over the last years to align ideas, prepare, and organize the collaborative network.The network constitutes an initiative to develop scientific-academic cooperation in neuroscience and physical activity. Our activities will be based on developing joint research projects, teaching, and academic-scientific outreach activities, all in interinstitutional collaboration. The group gets together around the common interest in investigating PA, considering the primary outcomes of interest related to the nervous system.OUTCOMES AND CONCLUSIONSThe Brazilian Network for Research and Training in Neuroscience and Physical Activity is an initiative that meets the needs of researchers in this field. We consider it to have an outstanding potential to bring together different expertise and to optimize the scarce financial resources devoted to Brazilian scientific production. The network finds it essential to include other Brazilian research groups dedicated to neuroscience and physical activity investigations.GRANTSThis study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001 and by Pró-reitoria de Extensão, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).DISCLOSURESNo conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSN.V.O.B.-T., J.B.-T., and P.B.M.-C. conceived and designed research; N.V.O.B.-T., J.B.-T., A.C.D., C.A.N., L.F.F.R., F.S., I.R.S., and P.B.M.-C. drafted manuscript; N.V.O.B.-T., F.S., and P.B.M.-C. edited and revised manuscript; N.V.O.B.-T., J.B.-T., A.C.D., C.A.N., L.F.F.R., F.S., I.R.S., and P.B.M.-C. approved final version of manuscript.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors thank the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Brazil (CNPQ).REFERENCES1. Riebe D, Ehrman JK, Liguori G, Magal M. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2018.Google Scholar2. Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, George SM, Olson RD. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA 320: 2020–2028, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14854. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar3. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health 6: e1077–e1086, 2018. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar4. Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J, Brown WJ, Fagerland MW, Owen N, Powell KE, Bauman A, Lee IM; Lancet Physical Activity Series 2 Executive Committee, Lancet Sedentary Behaviour Working Group. Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. Lancet 388: 1302–1310, 2016. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30370-1. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar5. World Health Organization. Optimizing brain health across the life course: WHO position paper (Online). World Health Organization, 2022. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/361251.Google Scholar6. Netto CA, Sanches EF, Odorcyk F, Duran-Carabali LE, Sizonenko SV. Pregnancy as a valuable period for preventing hypoxia-ischemia brain damage. Int J Dev Neurosci 70: 12–24, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.06.004. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar7. Durán-Carabali LE, Arcego DM, Odorcyk FK, Reichert L, Cordeiro JL, Sanches EF, Freitas LD, Dalmaz C, Pagnussat A, Netto CA. Prenatal and early postnatal environmental enrichment reduce acute cell death and prevent neurodevelopment and memory impairments in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 55: 3627–3641, 2018. doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0604-5. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar8. Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Odorcyk F, Untertriefallner H, Rezena E, Hoeper E, Avila T, Martini AP, Venturin GT, da Costa JC, Greggio S, Netto CA, Wyse AT. Pregnancy swimming prevents early brain mitochondrial dysfunction and causes sex-related long-term neuroprotection following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. Exp Neurol 339: 113623, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113623. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar9. Ronan L, Alexander-Bloch A, Fletcher PC. Childhood obesity, cortical structure, and executive function in healthy children. Cereb Cortex 30: 2519–2528, 2020. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz257. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar10. Singh-Manoux A, Dugravot A, Shipley M, Brunner EJ, Elbaz A, Sabia S, Kivimaki M. Obesity trajectories and risk of dementia: 28 years of follow‐up in the Whitehall II Study. Alzheimers Dement 14: 178–186, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.2637. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar11. Dennis E, Manza P, Volkow ND. Socioeconomic status, BMI, and brain development in children. Transl Psychiatry 12: 33, 2022. doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01779-3. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar12. Viana LC, Lima CM, Oliveira MA, Borges RP, Cardoso TT, Almeida IN, Diniz DG, Bento-Torres J, Pereira A, Batista-de-Oliveira M, Lopes AA, Silva RF, Abadie-Guedes R, Amâncio Dos Santos A, Lima DS, Vasconcelos PF, Cunningham C, Guedes RC, Picanço-Diniz CW. Litter size, age-related memory impairments, and microglial changes in rat dentate gyrus: stereological analysis and three dimensional morphometry. Neuroscience 238: 280–296, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.019. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar13. Viana LC, Torres JB, Farias JA, Kawhage R, Lins N, Passos A, Quintairos A, Trévia N, Guedes RC, Diniz CW. Exercise and food ad libitum reduce the impact of early in life nutritional imbalances on nitrergic activity of hippocampus and striatum. Nutr Neurosci 10: 215–228, 2007. doi:10.1080/10284150701722158. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar14. Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Silva ES, Hallgren M, Ponce De Leon A, Dunn AL, Deslandes AC, Fleck MP, Carvalho AF, Stubbs B. Physical activity and incident depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Psychiatry 175: 631–648, 2018. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar15. Pearce M, Garcia L, Abbas A, Strain T, Schuch FB, Golubic R, Kelly P, Khan S, Utukuri M, Laird Y, Mok A, Smith A, Tainio M, Brage S, Woodcock J. Association between physical activity and risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 79: 550–559, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0609. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar16. Heissel A, Heinen D, Brokmeier LL, Skarabis N, Kangas M, Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Firth J, Ward PB, Rosenbaum S, Hallgren M, Schuch F. Exercise as medicine for depressive symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. Br J Sports Med 2023: bjsports-2022-106282, 2023. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106282. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar17. Marx W, Manger SH, Blencowe M, Murray G, Ho FY, Lawn S, Blumenthal JA, Schuch F, Stubbs B, Ruusunen A, Desyibelew HD, Dinan TG, Jacka F, Ravindran A, Berk M, O’Neil A. Clinical guidelines for the use of lifestyle-based mental health care in major depressive disorder: World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM) taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry 24: 333–386, 2023. doi:10.1080/15622975.2022.2112074. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar18. Soares CB, Daré LR, Lima KR, Lopes LF, Santos AG, Schimidt HL, Carpes FP, Lloret A, Viña J, Mello-Carpes PB. Multicomponent training prevents memory deficit related to amyloid-β protein-induced neurotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 83: 143–154, 2021. doi:10.3233/JAD-210424. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar19. Monteiro-Junior RS, Vaghetti CA, Nascimento OJ, Laks J, Deslandes AC. Exergames: neuroplastic hypothesis about cognitive improvement and biological effects on physical function of institutionalized older persons. Neural Regen Res 11: 201–204, 2016. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.177709. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar20. de Oliveira Silva F, Ferreira JV, Plácido J, Chagas D, Praxedes J, Guimarães C, Batista LA, Laks J, Deslandes AC. Gait analysis with videogrammetry can differentiate healthy elderly, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study. Exp Gerontol 131: 110816, 2020 [Erratum in Exp Gerontol 135: 110943, 2020]. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110816. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar21. de Oliveira Silva F, Ferreira JV, Plácido J, Deslandes AC. Spatial navigation and dual-task performance in patients with dementia that present partial dependence in instrumental activity of daily living. IBRO Rep 9: 52–57, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.ibror.2020.06.006. Crossref | PubMed | Google Scholar22. Picanço-Diniz C, Galdino De Oliveira TC, Cabral Soares F, Dias E Dias De Macedo L, Wanderley Picanco Diniz DL, Valim Oliver Bento-Torres N. Beneficial effects of multisensory and cognitive stimulation on age-related cognitive decline in long-term-care institutions. Clin Interv Aging 9: 309–320, 2014. doi:10.2147/CIA.S54383. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar23. Jardim NY, Bento-Torres NV, Costa VO, Carvalho JP, Pontes HT, Tomás AM, Sosthenes MC, Erickson KI, Bento-Torres J, Diniz CW. Dual-task exercise to improve cognition and functional capacity of healthy older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 13: 589299, 2021. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.589299. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar24. da Silva DJ, Torres JL, Ericeira LP, Jardim NY, da Costa VO, Carvalho JP, Corrêa PG, Bento-Torres J, Picanço-Diniz CW, Bento-Torres NV. Pilates and cognitive stimulation in dual task an intervention protocol to improve functional abilities and minimize the rate of age-related cognitive decline in postmenopausal women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19: 13333, 2022. doi:10.3390/ijerph192013333. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google ScholarAUTHOR NOTESCorrespondence: N. V. O. Bento-Torres (natalivalim@ufpa.br). Download PDF Previous Back to Top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 47Issue 3September 2023Pages 589-592 Crossmark Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 the American Physiological Society.https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00060.2023PubMed37345839History Received 19 April 2023 Accepted 14 June 2023 Published online 19 July 2023 Published in print 1 September 2023 Metrics
Referência(s)