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Identification of Seasonal Water Mass Characteristics in West Sumatra Waters

2023; Springer Nature; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/978-981-19-9768-6_49

1867-4941

Gandhi Napitupulu, Ivonne M. Radjawane, Nabila Afifah Azuga, Khafid Rizki Pratama, Naffisa Adyan Fekranie, Hansan Park,

Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes

The eastern Indian Ocean is western tropical waters with very complex dynamic and physical processes affecting the area along the line of the West Sumatra coast. This study aims to analyze the water masses in the West Sumatra waters adjacent to the equatorial latitude based on the seasonality of December–February (DJF), March–May (MAM), June–August (JJA), and September–November (SON) from 2003 to 2018 which uses World Ocean Database (WOD) data. The tendency of the observed water mass characteristics to be dominant in the surface layer is more concentrated by the influence of water masses from the area around West Sumatra and intrusion from the surrounding waters. Meanwhile, in the middle to deep layers, more water mass patterns are observed from the western Indian Ocean region with a temperature range of −10 ˚C and salinity of 34.6−36.7 PSU. Characteristics based on seasonality are more indicative of a water mass mixing process. The DJF season tends to have a more uniform sea surface temperature than the JJA season. In addition, transitional seasons I and II (MAM and SON) tend to approach the main seasonal conditions. This is evidenced by the different Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) contours in the DJF season, which are thinner than in the JJA season. The temperature uniformity in the horizontal profile seems to vary in the JJA season compared to the DJF, so the thermocline observed in the JJA season is deeper. The identified water column density conditions show the same pattern seasonally.