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Discrete magma injections drive the 2021 La Palma eruption

2023; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 9; Issue: 27 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/sciadv.adg4813

2375-2548

Teresa Ubide, Álvaro Márquez, Eumenio Ancochea Soto, María José Huertas, Raquel Herrera, Juan Jesús Coello Bravo, David Sanz Mangas, Jacob A. Mulder, Alice MacDonald, Inés Galindo,

High-pressure geophysics and materials

Understanding the drivers of the onset, evolution, and end of eruptions and their impact on eruption style is critical in eruption forecasting and emergency management. The composition of erupted liquids is a key piece of the volcano puzzle, but untangling subtle melt variations remains an analytical challenge. Here, we apply rapid, high-resolution matrix geochemical analysis on samples of known eruption date spanning the entire 2021 La Palma eruption. Sr isotope signatures reveal distinct pulses of basanite melt driving the onset, restart, and evolution of the eruption. Elemental variations in matrix and microcrysts track progressive invasion, and draining, of a subcrustal crystal mush. Associated variations in lava flow rate, vent development, seismicity, and SO2 emission demonstrate that volcanic matrix resolves eruption patterns that could be expected in future basaltic eruptions globally.