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Chikungunya virus infection in the southernmost state of Brazil was characterised by self-limited transmission (2017-2019) and a larger 2021 outbreak

2023; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde; Volume: 118; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1590/0074-02760220259

1678-8060

Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini, Richard Steiner Salvato, Regina Bones Barcellos, Fernanda Marques de Souza Godinho, Amanda Pellenz Ruivo, Viviane Horn de Melo, Júlio Augusto Schroder, Fernanda Letícia Martiny, Érica Bortoli Möllmann, Cátia Favreto, Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen, Vithoria Pompermaier Ferreira, Lívia Eidt de Lima, Cláudia Fasolo Piazza, Taís Raquel Marcon Machado, Irina Marieta Becker, Raquel Rocha Ramos, Guilherme Carey Frölich, Alana Fraga Rossetti, Lucas da Cunha Almeida, Tahiana Machado Antunes Rodrigues, Isabella Tabelli Bragança, Aline Alves Scarpellini Campos, Verônica Baú Manzoni, Laís Ceschini Machado, Luísa Maria Inácio da Silva, André Luiz Sá de Oliveira, Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva, Zenaida Marion Alves Nunes, Paula Rodrigues de Almeida, Meriane Demoliner, Juliana Schons Gularte, Mariana Soares da Silva, Micheli Filippi, Vyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Góes Pereira, Fernando Rosado Spilki, Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga, Gabriel Luz Wallau,

Malaria Research and Control

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas since 2014. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean (AC) and East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several Brazilian states. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, the first cases were reported in 2016.We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterise the Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) burden in RS between 2017-2021.We detected an increasing CHIKF burden linked to travel associated introductions and communitary transmission of distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype during this period.Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.