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A Survey on the Application of Phasor Measurement Units to the Protection of Transmission and Smart Distribution Systems

2023; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 52; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/15325008.2023.2240320

1532-5016

Thiago S. Menezes, Pedro Henrique Aquino Barra, F. A. S. Dizioli, Vinícius Albernaz Lacerda, Ricardo A. S. Fernandes, Denis V. Coury,

Power System Optimization and Stability

AbstractRenewable energy resources have increasingly been integrated into electric power grids. Moreover, new challenges constantly arise, showing the need for modernization in monitoring, control, and protection. Transmission and distribution systems have explored the use of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in an attempt to meet these requirements. The decreasing cost of hardware components of PMUs, similar to what occurred with digital relays, is an important factor in terms of their worldwide use in different applications. Low-cost variations of PMUs focused on distribution systems, such as micro- and D-PMUs, are growing in number. Thus, this survey article presents significant and recent research conducted in the field of power systems using PMUs. Firstly, it briefly describes the characteristics of PMUs concerning hardware and phasor estimation algorithms. Afterward, recent studies related to transmission and distribution system protection based on PMUs are presented, such as fault detection and location, stability, and wide-area protection. Finally, the article also provided important guidelines, which certainly can be useful for future research in the years to come.Keywords: distribution systemsmicrogridsphasor measurement unitsynchrophasorstransmission systems AcknowledgementsThe authors would also like to thank the São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil for the facilities provided.Disclosure StatementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported in part by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [Grant Number 2019/26514-7, 2017/16742-7, and 2015/21167-6] and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) [Finance Code 001], and in part by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).Notes on contributorsT. S. MenezesT. S. Menezes was born in Frutal, Brazil, in 1992. He received a B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil in 2017, and an M.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil in 2019. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil. His research interests include microgrids, phasor estimation, power system protection, and intelligent systems.P. H. A. BarraP. H. A. Barra received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil in 2015 and 2017, respectively. He received a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2022. Currently, he is an adjunct professor at the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. His research interests include distribution systems, microgrids, energy storage, and protection.F. A. S. DizioliF. A. S. Dizioli received his B.Sc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil in 2023. He is currently working as a consultant for Power Technologies International (PTI) at Siemens AG, providing studies for power systems operators and industries around the world. His research interests include power systems protection, microgrids, and power systems digitalization.V. A. LacerdaV. A. Lacerda received a B.Sc. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil in 2015 and 2021. He was a Visiting Researcher at the University of Strathclyde, UK from 2018 to 2019. He is presently a Post-Doctorate researcher at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (CITCEA-UPC), Spain. His research interests include power systems modelling and simulation, HIL, dynamics of modern power grids, short-circuit analysis, protection, and high-voltage direct current systems.R. A. S. FernandesR. A. S. Fernandes was born in Barretos, Brazil, in 1984. He received a B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Educational Foundation of Barretos, Barretos in 2006, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil in 2009 and 2011, respectively. In 2015 and 2017, he was a Visiting Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil. His research interests include the application of machine learning for fault location, power quality, and demand response in the context of smart grids and microgrids.D. V. CouryD. V. Coury was born in Brazil. He received a B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil in 1983, an M.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil in 1986, and a Ph.D. degree from Bath University, Bath, U.K. in 1992. He worked for the Technological Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1985 to 1986. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil in 1986, where he is currently a Full Professor with the Power Systems Group. He spent his Sabbatical at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA from 1999 to 2000. His areas of interest are power system protection, distributed generation, fault location, power quality, and smart systems.