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Glyptotherium cylindricum (Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Late Pleistocene of Guatemala: the most complete record of Glyptodontinae from Central America

2023; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 47; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/03115518.2023.2242440

1752-0754

Francisco Cuadrelli, Juan F. Escamilla, Alfredo E. Zurita, David D. Gillette, Lorena S. Dávila,

Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies

AbstractGlyptodontinae stand out among the lineages of Glyptodontidae in having the greatest latitudinal distribution, including participation in the Great American Biotic Interchange, with significant speciation in new migration areas. The oldest records of Glyptodontinae occur in northern South America with Boreostemma from the middle Miocene–Pliocene. A later radiation incorporated the austral representatives ‘Glyptodontidium tuberifer’, ‘Paraglyptodon’ spp., Glyptodon munizi, Glyptodon reticulatus and Glyptodon jatunkhirkhi in the late Miocene–Late Pleistocene of southern South America, and the septentrional representatives Glyptotherium texanum and Glyptotherium cylindricum in the Pliocene–Late Pleistocene of North America, Central America and northeastern South America. Although knowledge of North and South American forms has increased in recent years, records from Central America are still scarce and fragmentary. Here we describe the most complete Central American glyptodontine fossils documented to date, which were recovered from the latest Pleistocene of Guatemala. The remains comprise: (1) an incomplete skull, the right and left hemimandibles, a fragmentary pelvis, cervical and caudal vertebrae, and articulated and isolated osteoderms; (2) a fragmentary pelvis, left hind limb (incomplete autopodium) and seven caudal vertebrae; (3) most of a dorsal carapace; (4) six incomplete caudal armature rings; and (5) a left hemimandible with complete dental series. Comparative assessment indicates that these remains are referrable to G. cylindricum. The presence of this species in northern Central America and northern South America during the latest Pleistocene spans more than 2200 km, suggesting a continuous distribution across this region, at least during the Last Glacial Maximum and the early Younger Dryas.Francisco Cuadrelli [f.cuadrelli@gmail.com]*,Juan Escamilla [juanitoesca@gmail.com] andAlfredo Zurita [aezurita74@yahoo.com], Laboratorio de Evolución de Vertebrados y Ambientes Cenozoicos–Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL–CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina, 3400;David D. Gillette [daviddgillette@gmail.com], 24 W. Travertine Trail, Flagstaff, AZ 86005, USA;Lorena S. Dávila [sylodavila@gmail.com], Colección de Fósiles, Museo Historia Natural, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Calle Mariscal Cruz 1–56, Zona 10, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala, 01010.Key words: GlyptodontinaeQuaternaryGABIAmericamorphologylatest Pleistocenepopulations AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the staff at MUSHNAT for providing access to their collections. Daniel Gygax, Claudia Pérez, Andrea Valiente and Bernie García assisted with preparation of the fossils. We also thank Iris Mata and Don Otto Paz of the ME, and Enrique Arroyo, Manuel García and André Sempé for their support. Otto R. Roman recovered the unregistered ME mandible. Comments from the reviewers and input from the Alcheringa Editorial Board greatly improved our manuscript.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Funding statementThis work was partially supported by project PICT-2021-I-INVI-00755.