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Human papillomavirus positivity and cervical lesions in relation to HIV infection: a comparative assessment in the Cameroonian female population

2023; PAGEPress (Italy); Volume: 14; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.4081/jphia.2023.2334

2038-9930

Samuel Martin Sosso, Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket, Joseph Fokam, Rachel Kamgaing Simo, Ezéchiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Zacharie Sando, Judith Torimiro, Aline Tiga, Elise Elong Lobè, Georgia Ambada, Achille Nange, Alex Durand Nka, Collins Chenwi, Aissatou Abba, Aude Christelle Ka’e, Nadine Fainguem, Marie Krystel Nnomo Zam, Yagaï Bouba, Serge Clotaire Billong, Vittorio Colizzi, Alexis Ndjolo,

Genital Health and Disease

Cervical lesions, induced by high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), in the context of HIV remains a global health challenge. We determined the effect of HR-HPV on the development of cervical lesions in women with and without HIV infection. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 257 women living in Cameroon. HIV serology, HR-HPV genotyping and cervico-vaginal smear (CVS) were performed for all participants; among those declared HIV positive, plasma HIV viral load and CD4 count were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using Graph Pad version 6.0; P#x003C;0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of the participants in our study was 37±6.5 years. According to HIV serology, 184 (71.59%) were HIV-positive vs. 73 (28.40%) HIV-negative. Among the HIV-positive women, the median CD4 count was 438 [IQR: 317-597] cells/mm3 and the median viremia was #x003C;40 [IQR: #x003C;40-2318] copies/ml. After successful genotyping, the prevalence of HR-HPV was 36.32% (73/201), with a significantly higher proportion in HIV-infected individuals (41.98% (55/131) vs. 25.71% (18/70); P=0.02; OR=2.1). The overall rate of cervical lesions was 23.34% (60/257), with a non-significantly higher proportion in HIV-infected participants (25.00% (46/184) vs. 19.17% (14/73); P=0.31). Relevantly, the presence of HR-HPV was significantly associated with cervical lesions (P#x003C;0.0001; OR=5.07), with a higher odds of cervical lesion in HIV-positive individuals (P#x003C;0.0001 and OR=5.67) compared to HIV-negative individuals (P=0.03 and OR=3.83). Although oncogenic HPV appears to be an independent factor in the development of cervical lesions, this study reveals higher odds of cervical lesions among HIV/HPV co-infection than in HPV infection alone.