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Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

2023; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 13; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41558-023-01776-4

1758-6798

Amy C. Bennett, Thaiane R. Sousa, Abel Monteagudo‐Mendoza, Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert, Paulo S. Morandi, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Wendeson Castro, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Eliana Ramos, Emilio Vilanova, Esteban Álvarez‐Dávila, Timothy R. Baker, Flávia R. C. Costa, Simon L. Lewis, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Juliana Schietti, Benoît Burban, Érika Berenguer, Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Wilmar Lopez, Flávia Delgado Santana, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Fernando Elias, Rodolfo Vásquez, Ben Hur Marimon, David Galbraith, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Thaíse Emilio, Nayane Cristina Candida dos Santos Prestes, Jos Barlow, Nathalle Cristine Alencar Fagundes, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Patricia Álvarez-Loayza, Luciana F. Alves, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Vinícius Andrade Maia, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, E.J.M.M. Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Olaf Bánki, Christopher Baraloto, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Jorcely Barroso, Wilder Bento da Silva, Damien Bonal, Alisson Borges Miranda Santos, Roel Brienen, Foster Brown, Carolina V. Castilho, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Víctor Chama Moscoso, Ezequiel Chavez, James A. Comiskey, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Nállarett Dávila Cardozo, Natália de Aguiar‐Campos, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Jhon del Águila Pasquel, Géraldine Derroire, Mathias Disney, Maria do Socorro, Aurélie Dourdain, Ted R. Feldpausch, Joice Ferreira, Valéria Forni Martins, Toby Gardner, Emanuel Gloor, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, René Guillén, Eduardo Hase, Bruno Hérault, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Walter Huaraca Huasco, John P. Janovec, E. Jiménez, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Michelle Kalamandeen, Timothy J. Killeen, Camila Laís Farrapo, Aurora Levesley, Leon Lizon Romano, Gabriela López‐González, Flavio Antônio Maës dos Santos, William E. Magnusson, Yadvinder Malhi, Simone Matias Reis, Karina Melgaço, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Polo, T. Moreno Montanez, Jean Daniel Morel, Mario Percy Núñez Vargas, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, R. Toby Pennington, Georgia Pickavance, John Pipoly, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Freddy Ramírez Arévalo, Hirma Ramírez‐Angulo, Rafael Flora Ramos, James Richardson, Cléber Rodrigo de Souza, Anand Roopsind, Gustavo Schwartz, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Javier E. Silva‐Espejo, Marcos Silveira, James Singh, Yhan Soto Shareva, Marc Steininger, Juliana Stropp, Joey Talbot, Hans ter Steege, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Geertje van der Heijden, Peter van der Hout, Roderick Zagt, Oliver L. Phillips,

Tree-ring climate responses

Abstract The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha −1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.