Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Field Drainage

2023; Springer Nature (Netherlands); Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/978-3-031-42812-8_16

1872-4663

Umesh Chandra Chaube, Ashish Pandey, Vijay P. Singh,

Water resources management and optimization

This chapter provides a detailed description of field drainage implementation and maintenance of drainage. It also provides removal (drainage) of excess irrigation water from agricultural lands; hence it is part of on-farm development work. Stormwater drainage works for the canal (cross drainage, drain along the canal in cut and fill sections) are part of canal structures and have been covered in Chap. 15 . The main purpose of field drainage is to control waterlogging and salinity. The criteria for determining the criticality of waterlogging and salinity are discussed. To illustrate manmade causes of waterlogging, a case study on waterlogging (sample villages of Gidderbaha Tehsil in Muktasar district of Punjab) is presented. The planning and implementation process of physical components of field drainage is explained. This helps in understanding the maintenance need of surface drains which is as important as the maintenance need of irrigation canals. Groundwater monitoring becomes extremely important where groundwater levels are shallow, not only for indicating the impending waterlogging and salinity problems but also to indicate the effectiveness of the open drain network for subsurface drainage. The procedure for maintenance of drains is similar to that for irrigation canals, and the material presented in Chap. 15 may be referred to in this regard. The main focus is on maintaining the hydraulic performance of drains. In addition to the removal of weed and silt from the drains, lining of drains may be required. Types of lining are discussed. Farmer’s participation in the maintenance of drains is highlighted through a case study of a drainage cooperative society in Kheda district of Gujarat. Tube wells have been successfully used for vertical drainage of waterlogged areas. Well, hydraulics is explained using a schematic of tubewell drainage. Case studies on deep and shallow tube wells, dug wells for vertical drainage, and water quality management are provided. The concept of bio drainage is given. The advantages and limitations of bio drainage are explained. Despite the advantages outweighing the disadvantages, biodrainage is not yet a popular drainage method in South Asian countries due to some limitations.