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Focus on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-related Intestinal Inflammation: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutical Approach

2023; Oxford University Press; Volume: 30; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/ibd/izad229

1536-4844

Angelo Del Gaudio, Federica Di Vincenzo, Valentina Petito, Maria Cristina Giustiniani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Franco Scaldaferri, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso,

Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances

Abstract Recently, antitumor immunotherapies have witnessed a breakthrough with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. Unfortunately, the use of ICIs has also led to the advent of a novel class of adverse events that differ from those of classic chemotherapeutics and are more reminiscent of autoimmune diseases, the immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Herein, we performed an insight of the main IRAEs associated with ICIs, focusing on gastroenterological IRAEs and specifically on checkpoint inhibitor colitis, which represents the most widely reported IRAE to date. We comprehensively dissected the current evidence regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of ICIs-induced colitis, touching upon also on innovative therapies.