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Wideband Multifunctional Polarization Converter: Application to Low Radar Cross-Section Radiating System

2023; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 70; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/03772063.2023.2258519

0974-780X

Mohammad Ayoub Sofi, Kushmanda Saurav, Shiban K. Koul, Eng Leong Tan,

Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications

AbstractIn this article, a wideband linear-to-linear and linear-to-circular reflective polarization converter is discussed. The proposed polarization converter can efficiently convert an incoming wave with a linear polarization into a reflected wave with orthogonal polarization in the frequency ranges: 7.63–12.21 GHz and 19.34–21.2 GHz. Moreover, a circularly polarized reflected wave in the frequency band of 13.85–18.50 GHz is also obtained. The proposed polarization converter constitutes a split-ring and a metallic strip cut in the middle designed on an ultrathin single substrate layer (thickness of 0.079λo, where λo corresponds to wavelength at center frequency of lowest operational bandwidth). The study related to angular dependence of the proposed polarization converter is also carried out and a stability upto 15° is achieved at the lower and upper-frequency bands of operation, respectively. A prototype of the proposed polarization with 25 × 25 cells of the converter is fabricated and measured. Measurement results are in consensus with their simulated counterparts. Furthermore, a 12 × 12 array of the proposed polarization converter is used to study the radar cross-section (RCS) reduction ability of a microstrip patch antenna operating in X-band. The average RCS reduction of about 11 dBsm is obtained at normal incidence. The proposed polarization converter can be utilized in X/Ku/K frequency band applications.IMPACT STATEMENT The polarization property of an EM wave often needs to be modified to suit various applications, owing to its wide range of uses such as antenna radome, sensors, satellites, and radiometry. Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) provide a simple and effective means to achieve this modification of the polarization property of an EM wave. Despite of number of polarization converters reported, there are still limited studies on multifunctionality, and with the advancements in technology, there is a growing desire for structures that can perform multiple functions like conversion of incident linear polarization to cross and circular polarization across a broader range of frequencies simultaneously. In this manuscript, a wideband multifunctional polarization converter functioning in reflective mode is presented. The proposed polarization converter can efficiently convert an incoming wave with a linear polarization into a reflected wave with orthogonal polarization in the frequency ranges: 7.63–12.21 GHz and 19.34–21.2 GHz and a circularly polarized reflected wave in the frequency band 13.85–18.50 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, a 12 × 12 array of the proposed polarization converter is used to study the radar cross-section (RCS) reduction ability of a microstrip patch antenna operating in X-band. The proposed polarization converter can be utilized in X/Ku/K frequency band applications.KEYWORDS: Linear-to-cross/circular polarization converterRCSWideband Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsMohammad Ayoub SofiMohammad Ayoub Sofi (Member, IEEE) received the BTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora, Pulwama, India, in 2012 and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jammu, Nagrota, India, in 2022. He is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Center for Information Sciences and Systems, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore. He worked as a Senior Project Engineer at IIT Jodhpur, Karwar, India, in 2018. His research interests include intelligent reflecting surfaces, frequency-selective surfaces, polarization converters, polarimetric surfaces, multiple input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems. Sofi Served as the Chair of the IEEE MTT-S Student Branch Chapter of IIT Jammu (2020–2021). He is the Recipient of the Best Student Paper Award of IEEE IMaRC-2019 at IIT Bombay and Outstanding Doctoral Student Award at IIT Jammu in 2022. Corresponding author. Email: mdayoub.sofi@ntu.edu.sg; sofi.m.ayoub@gmail.comKushmanda SauravKushmanda Saurav (Member, IEEE) received the BE degree in electronics and telecommunication from Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, India, in 2009, the MTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, India, in 2011, and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India, in 2017. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow with Royal Military College Canada. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Jammu, Jammu, India. He has authored or coauthored more than 70 research papers in esteemed journals and conferences. His research interests include microwave and millimeter wave antennas and frequency-selective surfaces. Saurav is a reviewer with the IEEE, IET, and Wiley. He is actively involved in the professional activities of the IEEE. He is currently the faculty advisor of the IEEE MTT-S and the AP-S Student Branch Chapters of IIT Jammu. Email: saurav.kushmanda@iitjammu.ac.inShiban Kishen KoulShiban K. Koul (Life Fellow, IEEE) received the BE degree in electrical engineering from the Regional Engineering College, Srinagar, India, in 1977, and the MTech and PhD degrees in microwave engineering from the IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India, in 1979 and 1983, respectively. He is currently an Emeritus Professor with the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India. He has authored or coauthored 570 research papers, 19 state-of-the art books, four book chapters, and two e-books. He holds 25 patents, 6 copyrights, and 1 trademark. His research interests include RF MEMS, high-frequency wireless communication, microwave engineering, microwave passive and active circuits, device modeling, millimeter, and sub-millimeter wave IC design, body area networks, flexible, and wearable electronics, medical applications of subterahertz waves, and reconfigurable microwave circuits including miniaturized antennas. Koul is a Fellow of the INAE and the IETE. He has guided 30 PhD theses and more than 120 master's theses. He was the recipient of numerous awards, including the IEEE MTT Society Distinguished Educator Award (2014), the Teaching Excellence Award (2012) from IIT Delhi, the Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Young Scientist Award (1986), the Top Invention Award (1991) of the National Research Development Council for his contributions to the indigenous development of ferrite phase shifter technology, the VASVIK Award (1994) for the development of Ka-band components and phase shifters, the Ram Lal Wadhwa Gold Medal (1995) from the Institution of Electronics and Communication Engineers (IETE), the Academic Excellence Award (1998) from Indian Government for his pioneering contributions to phase control modules for Rajendra Radar, the Shri Om Prakash Bhasin Award (2009) in the field of Electronics and Information Technology, the VASVIK Award (2012) for the contributions made to the area of Information, Communication Technology (ICT), and the M N Saha Memorial Award (2013) from IETE. He is also the Chief Editor of the IETE Journal of Research, and an Associate Editor for the International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Cambridge University Press. He was a Distinguished Microwave Lecturer with the IEEE MTT-S (2012–2014). He was also the Deputy Director (Strategy and Planning) with IIT Delhi (2012–2016) and the Mentor Deputy Director (Strategy and Planning, International affairs) with IIT Jammu (2018–2021). From 2009 to 2019, he was the Chairman of Astra Microwave Products Limited, Hyderabad. From 2014 to 2019, he was the Dr R.P. Shenoy Astra Microwave Chair Professor with IIT Delhi. He has successfully completed 151 major sponsored, consultancy, and technology development projects. Email: shiban_koul@hotmail.comEng Leong TanEng Leong Tan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the BEng (Electrical) degree with first class honors from the University of Malaya, Malaysia, and the PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. From 1999 to 2002, he was a Member of Technical Staff at the Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore. Since 2002, he has been with the School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, NTU, where he is currently an Associate Professor. His research interests include computational electromagnetics (CEM), multi-physics, RF/microwave circuit and antenna design. Tan has published more than 130 journal papers and more than 90 conference papers. He and his students received numerous paper and project awards/prizes including: 2019 Ulrich L. Rohde Innovative Conference Paper Award on Computational Techniques in Electromagnetics, First Prize in 2014 IEEE Region 10 Student Paper Contest, First Prize in 2014 IEEE MTT-S Student Design Contest on Apps for Microwave Theory and Techniques, First Prize in 2013 IEEE AP-S Antenna Design Contest, etc. He was the recipient of the IEEE AP-S Donald G. Dudley Jr. Undergraduate Teaching Award with citation: "For excellence in teaching, student mentoring, and the development of mobile technologies and computational methods for electromagnetics education." Tan has served as Chair and Past Chair for IEEE Singapore MTT/AP Chapter. He has been actively involved in organizing many conferences, including General Chair of PIERS 2017 Singapore, TPC Chair of ICCEM 2020, APCAP 2018 (Auckland) and 2015 (Bali), as well as TPC Chair of IEEE APS/URSI 2021. He is a Fellow of ASEAN Academy of Engineering and Technology, and a Fellow* of the Electromagnetics Academy (in recognition of distinguished contributions to "Computational electromagnetics and education"). Email: eeltan@ntu.edu.sg