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(2984) Proposal to conserve the name Juniperus macrocarpa ( Cupressaceae ) with a conserved type

2023; Wiley; Volume: 72; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/tax.13072

1996-8175

P. Pablo Ferrer‐Gallego, Francesco Roma‐Marzio, Javier Fabado Alós, Lorenzo Peruzzi,

Plant Ecology and Soil Science

(2984) Juniperus macrocarpa Sm. in Sibthorp & Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2: 263. 1816 [Gymnosp.: Pin. / Cupress.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: Greece: Nomos Dodekanisou, Eparchia Karpatou, Karpathos Island, S of Paleokastro promontory, SW of Arkasa village, close to Agios Nikolaos settlement, alt. 10–45 m, 38°28′12″N, 27°06′44″E, 28 Apr 2013, Constantinidis & Delipetrou 13094 (ATHU), typ. cons. prop. Juniperus macrocarpa Sm. (in Sibthorp & Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2: 263. 1816) (Cupressaceae) belongs to J. sect. Juniperus and is closely related to J. oxycedrus L. (Sp. Pl.: 1038. 1753). Traditionally, it has been accepted at subspecies rank, as J. oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa (Sm.) Ball (in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 670. 1878) (see Pignatti, Fl. Ital., ed. 1, 1: 85. 1982; Amaral Franco in Castroviejo & al., Fl. Iberica 1: 186. 1986, in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur. 1: 38–39. 1993; Farjon, World Checkl. Conifers: 77. 1998, Handb. World's Conifers.: 447. 2010; Eckenwalder, Conifers World: 299. 2009; Farjon & Filer, Atlas World's Conifers: 163–164. 2013). However, according to Adams (Junipers World, ed. 1: 129. 2004a), J. macrocarpa is genetically and morphologically distinct from J. oxycedrus, and can be recognized as a distinct species (Adams, Junipers World, ed. 4: 209–210. 2014; Roma-Marzio & al. in Phytochemistry 141: 48–60. 2017; Bartolucci & al. in Pl. Biosyst. 152: 179–303. 2018). Juniperus deltoides R.P. Adams (in Phytologia 86: 47. 2004b) was segregated from J. oxycedrus based on plants from the eastern Mediterranean basin (Greece) (see Adams, l.c. 2004b: 49–53; Adams & al. in Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 33: 771–787. 2005) and the description of this taxon as a distinct species relied mainly on the different composition of essential oils. The phytochemical differentiation was supported by DNA molecular markers, and a slight morphological differentiation from J. oxycedrus (see Roma-Marzio & al., l.c. and literature cited therein). Juniperus macrocarpa is essentially a coastal Mediterranean species that is a major constituent of woodlands on dunes and cliffs of the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts (Díez-Garretas & Asensi in Pl. Biosyst. 148: 429–438. 2014; Muñoz-Reinoso in J. Coastal Conservation 22: 605–614. 2018). The traditional concept and current use of the name J. macrocarpa has always been for a shrub or small dioecious tree with spreading branches, foliage branches short, thick and rigid, which can be distinguished from J. oxycedrus and J. deltoides by their broader leaves (ca. 2.5 mm wide at the widest) without or with a very short mucro (0.42 ± 0.31 mm) and larger seed cones (12–)15–23 mm long, glaucous blue, turning purplish brown after ripening, whereas J. oxycedrus has leaves ca. 1.5 mm wide at the widest, a long mucro (0.67 ± 0.2 mm) that is always present, seed cones 8–10 mm long, and J. deltoides has leaves 1–1.5 mm wide, a long mucro (1.14 ± 0.33 mm), seed cones 8–10 mm long. Furthermore, J. deltoides can be distinguished by the width of its leaves one-tenth below their apex (0.47 ± 0.13 mm), narrower than in J. oxycedrus (0.77 ± 0.17 mm) and J. macrocarpa (0.82 ± 0.11 mm) (Adams, l.c. 2004b, 2014; Eckenwalder, l.c.; Farjon, l.c. 2010; Farjon & Filer, l.c.; Roma-Marzio & al., l.c.). Smith's (l.c.) protologue of Juniperus macrocarpa is numbered "2323" and consists of a brief diagnosis "J. [Juniperus] macrocarpa, foliis ternatis patentibus mucronatis acutè carinatis uninervibus, baccis ellipticis folio longioribus", followed by two references: one to the synonym "J. [Juniperus] major, baccâ caeruleâ" cited from Tournefort (Inst. Rei Herb., ed. 3: 589. 1719) and the other to an "Icon." from L'Obel (Icon. Stirp. 2: 223. 1591). The provenance of a gathering was cited as "In Graeciâ, ex herb. Sibth.". A comparison with J. oxycedri is also included in the protologue "Folia fere J. Oxycedri, sed baccae duplò majores, ellipticae vel obovatae, nigrae cum rore caeruleo." The L'Obel "Icon" quoted by Smith refers to the illustration "Iuniperus maximus Illyricus caerulea bacca. L. 629. T. 258. Tom. 2" (L'Obel, l.c.: 223) that is, therefore, original material. This illustration displays a branch with large seed cones that matches the traditional concept of J. macrocarpa, but with leaves with a well-developed mucro consistent with the concept of J. deltoides. Smith cited a gathering in the protologue, as "In Graeciâ, ex herb. Sibth.". John Sibthorp collected plants on his trips to the Mediterranean (Stearn in Taxon 16: 168–178. 1967, in Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 8: 285–298. 1976). The Sibthorpian Herbarium is a historical collection kept in the Fielding-Druce Herbarium, Oxford (OXF), comprising plants formerly owned by Sibthorp. The complete Sibthorpian Herbarium was given on loan to Smith in 1799 (Smith, Memoir Corresp. James Edward Smith 1: 468–471. 1832; Walter in Taxon 46: 253–263. 1997) and was thus available to him when preparing the manuscript. The Sibthorpian Herbarium comprises several hundred specimens that are original materials for names published in Sibthorp & Smith's Florae Graecae prodromus (Stafleu & Cowan in Regnum Veg. 112: 577. 1985; Lack in Taxon 46: 253–263. 1997). In the Sibthorpian Herbarium at OXF there are two relevant sheets. One sheet bears three branches, with leaves and seed cones. This material is complete and well-preserved. The sheet bears a handwritten original label by Smith, as "J. macrocarpa Sm", and an annotation on the sheet "Prodromus Fl. Graecae [printed] Vol II p. 263 n. 2323 [handwritten]". The second sheet bears three branches, with leaves, and only one with seed cones (two). This sheet contains a handwritten label annotated as "Juniperus macrocarpa", and the same annotation on the sheet "Prodromus Fl. Graecae [printed] Vol II p. 263 n. 2323 [handwritten]". Undoubtedly, these sheets at OXF can be treated as syntypes of Juniperus macrocarpa. Smith's original elements, which are eligible as lectotypes of J. macrocarpa, are the L'Obel illustration and the Sibthorp specimen at OXF (Sib-2323); the latter, being a syntype, is the obligate lectotype of the name (see Art. 9.12 of the ICN; Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018). This material is part of Smith's protologue and cannot therefore be in serious conflict with it (Art. 9 Note 7). However, the specimen does not show the important diagnostic characters of this species (see, e.g., Amaral Franco, l.c. 1986, 1993; Adams, l.c. 2004a, 2014; Eckenwalder, l.c.; Farjon, l.c. 2010; Pignatti, Fl. Ital., ed. 2, 1. 2017), but (partially) corresponds (e.g., the specimen shows the mucro ca. 1 mm long and the leaf one-tenth below the apex 0.4–0.6 mm wide) to the characteristics of J. deltoides as that name is currently applied (e.g., Adams, l.c. 2004b; Roma-Marzio & al., l.c.). On the other hand, this material does not fully correspond to current features known for J. deltoides (e.g., leaves ca. 2–2.1 mm wide at the widest, stomatal band wider, ca. 0.6 mm wide, and seed cones larger, ca. 12–18 mm long), not entirely corresponding to J. deltoides, thus making identification doubtful. Maintenance of the name Juniperus macrocarpa is desirable, but the obligate lectotype of the name shows features somewhat intermediate between those traditionally considered as typical of J. macrocarpa and those typical of J. deltoides. In our opinion, the best solution to this problem is to apply Art. 14.9 of the ICN. Therefore, conservation of the name Juniperus macrocarpa with a conserved type is proposed here. We here propose a complete and well-preserved specimen at ATHU as the conserved type. This specimen shows clearly all the diagnostic characters, and matches perfectly with the current concept and use of the name. The specimen was collected in Greece, in agreement with the protologue. The rejection of the present proposal would have undesirable consequences, because the name Juniperus macrocarpa could be applied to the species currently known as J. deltoides (or to a putative hybrid between these two species), while J. lobelii Guss. (Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2(2): 635. 1844), the oldest heterotypic synonym of J. macrocarpa would have to replace this latter name, which has been unanimously and consistently used by all authors so far. PPFG, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-9302 FRM, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-0311 JF, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-3008 LP, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-273X We wish to express our great appreciation to Theophanis Constantinidis (ATHU), Christini Fournaraki (MAIC), Stephen Harris (OXF) and Mats Hjertson (UPS) for their help in the study of herbarium sheets.