Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

2. “Left behind places“ and social infrastructure

2023; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 5; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/2578711x.2023.2254997

2578-7128

John Tomaney,

Regional resilience and development

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 Pike A, Rodriguez-Pose A and Tomaney J (2017) Local and Regional Development, 2nd ed. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/97813157676732 Martin R, Gardiner B, Pike A, Sunley P and Tyler P (2022) Levelling Up Left Behind Places. The Scale and Nature of the Economic and Policy Challenge. London: Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/​10.4324/97810322443413 Velthuis S, MacKinnon D, Pike A and Tomaney J (2023) Types of "left-behind places" in the EU15. Town and Country Planning, 92(1): 28–31.4 Pike A, Béal V, Cauchi-Duval N, Frankl R, Kinossian N, Lang T, Leibert T, MacKinnon D, Rousseau M, Royer J, Servillo L, Tomaney J and Velthuis S (2023) "Left behind places": A geographical etymology. Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2023.21679725 Klinenberg E (2020) Palaces for People. How to Build a More Equal and United Society. London: Vintage, at 151.6 All Party Parliamentary Group on Left Behind Neighbourhoods (2020) Communities of Trust: Why We Must Invest in Social Infrastructure of "Left Behind" Neighbourhoods. https://www.appg-leftbehindneighbourhoods.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/8118-APPG-Communities-Report-NEW.pdf7 Local Trust (2019) Left Behind? Understanding Communities on the Edge. London: Local Trust. https://localtrust.org.uk/insights/research/left-behind-understanding-communities-on-the-edge/8 Pike et al. (2023), see Reference 4.9 Rodríguez-Pose A (2018) The revenge of the places that don't matter (and what to do about it). Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 11(1): 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsx02410 Institute of Fiscal Studies (IFS) (2020) Levelling up: Where and how? In IFS Green Budget 2020. https://ifs.org.uk/publications/15055.11 For an attempt to index left behindness along different dimensions, see Furlong J (2019) The changing electoral geography of England and Wales: Varieties of "left-behindedness". Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.10206112 Mackinnon D, Kempton L, O'Brien P, Ormerod E, Pike A and Tomaney J (2022) Reframing urban and regional "development" for "left behind" places. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 15(1): 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsab03413 For instance, Glaeser E (2011) Triumph of the City. London: Pan.14 Seamus Heaney, quoted in O'Toole F (2023) Seamus Heaney: His death 10 years ago was "the end of a great eloquence". Irish Times, 26 August. https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/2023/08/26/the-end-of-a-great-eloquence-remembering-seamus-heaney-10-years-on-by-fintan-otoole/15 Wuthnow R (2019) The Left Behind: Decline and Rage in Small-Town America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, at 18.16 Bellah R, Madsen R, Sullivan W, Swindler A and Tipton S (1985) Habits of the Heart. Individualism and Commitment in American Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, at 153.17 Wuthnow (2019), at 96, see Reference 15.18 For a review of the positive psychological impacts of nostalgia, see Sedikides C, Wildshut T, Arndt J and Routledge C (2008) Nostalgia: Past present and future. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(5): 304–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00595.x19 Teti V (2018) Stones into Bread, trans. F Lorrigio and D Pietropaolo. Toronto, ON: Guernica, at 11.20 Bellah et al. (1985), at 152, see Reference 16.21 Teti (2018), at 192, see Reference 19.22 Olick J K, Vinitzky-Seroussi V and Levy D (2011) Introduction. In O J Vinitzky-Seroussi and D Levy (eds.), The Collective Memory Reader, pp. 3–61. Oxford: Oxford University Press.23 Hwalbachs M (1992). On Collective Memory, trans L Coser. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.24 Prendergast J (2021) Attachment economics: Everyday pioneers for the next economy. https://medium.com/onioncollective/attachment-economics-everyday-pioneers-for-the-next-economy-d0a9ac2008025 Weil S (1952) The Need for Roots. London: Routledge.26 See especially Devine-Wright P and Howes Y (2010) Disruption to place attachment and the protection of restorative environments: A wind energy case study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(3): 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.01.008. More broadly, see Manzo L and Devine-Wright P (eds.) (2014) Place Attachment. London: Routledge.27 The classic statement of attachment in theory in the psychological literature is Bowlby J (1982) Attachment and Loss. New York: Basic; see also Kraemer S and Roberts J (1996) The Politics of Attachment. London: Free Association Book.28 Manzo L and Perkins D (2006) Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 20(4): 335–350, at 347. ​https://doi.org/10.1177/088541220528616029 Marris P (1986) Loss and Change, 2nd ed. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Marris P (1996) The Politics of Uncertainty. Attachment in Private and Public Life. London Routledge.30 Mattinson D (2020) Beyond the Red Wall: Why Labour Lost, How the Conservatives Won and What Will Happen Next? London: Biteback.31 Görmar F (2023) Loss and change: Culture narratives in old industrial regions in East Germany. Regional Science Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.1268932 Silver L, Schumacher S, Mordecai M, Greenwood S and Keegan M (2020) In U.S. and UK, Globalisation Leaves Some Feeling "Left Behind" or "Swept Up" (October). Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/05/in-u-s-and-uk-​globalization- leaves-some-feeling-left-behind-or-swept-up/33 Wuthnow (2019), at 56, see Reference 15.34 Prendergast (2021), see Reference 24.35 Wuthnow (2019), at 78, see Reference 15.36 Abreu M and Jones C (2021) The shadow of the pithead: Understanding social and political attitudes in former coal mining communities in the UK. Applied Geography, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.10244837 Fullilove M (2016) Root Shock. How Tearing Up City Neighborhoods Hurts America, and What We Can Do About It. New York: NYU Press, at 11.38 Fullilove (2016), at 14, see Reference 37.39 Hebbert M (2005). The street as a locus of collective memory. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 23: 592. https://doi.org/10.1068/d55j40 Public First (2022) Heritage and Civic Pride. Report for Historic England. https://www.publicfirst.co.uk/heritage-and-civic-pride-public-first-report-for-historic-england.html41 Greve M, Fritsch M and Wyrwich M (2023) Long-term decline of regions and the rise of populism: The case of Germany. Journal of Regional Science, 63(2): 409–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.1262742 Grimshaw L and Mates L (2021) "It's part of our community, where we lives": Urban heritage ands children's sense of place. Urban Studies, 59(7): 1334–1352. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098021101959743 Honig B (2017) Public Things. Democracy in Disrepair. New York, NY: Fordham University Press, pp. 4–6. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1xhr6n944 Hann B (2021) Voyages around father. Class, community and mobility in industrial South Wales. In Morgan W J and Bowie F (eds.), Social Anthropologies of the Welsh, pp. 241–259. Hereford: Sean Kingston.45 Wuthnow (2018), see Reference 15.46 On this point, see also Bellah et al. (1985), at 153, see Reference 16.47 Teti (2018), see Reference 19.48 Gaudioso D (2021) Shrinking Areas as Dynamic Spaces of Care and Resilience. https://www.welcomingspaces.eu/tag/restanza/. For an application of these ideas in the context of Welsh rural community, see Wynn L C, Froud J and Williams K (2020) A Way Ahead? Empowering Restanza in a Slate Valley. https://foundationaleconomycom.files.wordpress.com/2022/04/restanza-english-version-as-of-7-feb-2022.pdf49 Píša J and Hruška V (2023) "It was my duty to change this place": Motivations of agents of change in Czech old industrial towns. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. ​https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2023.220858050 Tronto J C (2015). Who Cares? How to Reshape a Democratic Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt18kr59851 Tronto (2015), at 4, see Reference 50.52 Lear J (2008) Radical Hope. Ethics in the Face of Cultural Devastation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, at 103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvjz82p753 Williams R (1989) Resources of Hope. Culture, Democracy, Socialism. London: Verso.54 Oldenburg R (1989) The Great Good Place. New York, NY: Paragon House, at xxiii.55 Yarker S (2022) Creating Spaces for an Ageing Society: The Role of Critical Social Infrastructure. Bingley: Emerald.56 Frankenberg R (1957) Village on the Border. A Social Study of Religion, Politics and Football in a North Wales Community. London: Cohen & West, at 17.57 Jacobs J (1961) Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York, NY: Vintage, at 32.58 Latham A and Layton J (2019) Social infrastructure and the public life of cities: Studying urban sociality and public spaces. Geography Compass. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.1244459 Layton J and Latham A (2021) Social infrastructure and public life—Notes on Finsbury Park, London. Urban Geography, 43(5): 755–756 https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2021.193463160 Early Action Task Force (2020) Being in a Good Place. Investing in Social Infrastructure, at 4. http://www.civilexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Good-Place-Report-Final.pdf61 All Party Parliamentary Group on Left Behind Neighbourhoods (2020) Communities of Trust: Why We Must Invest in the Social Infrastructure of "Left Behind" Neighbourhoods. https://www.appg-leftbehindneighbourhoods.org.uk/publication/communities-of-trust-why-we-must-invest-in-the-infrastructure-of-left-behind-neighbourhoods/; Power to Change (2021) Building Our Social Infrastructure: Why Levelling Up Means Creating a More Socially Connected Britain. London: Power to Change. https://www.powertochange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/XX-Building-our-social-infrastructure-FINAL.pdf; Slocock C (2018) Valuing Social Infrastructure. London: Civil Exchange. http://www.civilexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Valuing-Social-Infrastructure-final.pdf62 Survation (2020) "Red Wall" Voters like Where They Live, Want More Places to Meet and Support for the Young. https://www.survation.com/red-wall-voters-like-where-they-live-want-more-places-to-meet-and-support-for-the-young/63 Frontier Economics (2021) The Impacts of Social Infrastructure Investment. https://localtrust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Frontier-Economics_the-impacts-of-social-infrastructure-investment.pdf64 Bennett Institute for Public Policy (2021) Townscapes. The Value of Social Infrastructure. Cambridge: Bennett Institute, at 57. https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/publications/social-infrastructure/; see also Early Action Task Force (2020), see Reference 60.65 Aldrich P (2021) The benefits of social infrastructure and civic ties in uncertain times. East Asia Forum Quarterly, July–September: 26–27.66 Haldane A (2020) Reweaving the social fabric after the crisis. Financial Times, 24 April. https://www.ft.com/content/fbb1ef1c-7ff8-11ea-b0fb-13524ae1056b67 Wuthnow (2019), see Reference 45.68 Institute of Health Equity (2020) Health Equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 Years On. https://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/resources-reports/marmot-review-10-years-on/the-marmot-review-10-years-on-full-report.pdf69 Burlina C and Rodríguez-Pose A (2022) Alone and Lonely. The Economic Cost of Solitude for Regions in Europe (Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography No. 21/33). Department of Human Geography and Planning, Utrecht University. http://econ.geo.uu.nl/peeg/peeg2133.pdf70 US Surgeon General (2023) Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation. The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory on the Healing Effects of Social Connection and Community. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf71 For reviews of the clinical evidence, see Heinrich L and Gullone E (2006) The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6): 695–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002; Holt-Lunstad J, Robles T F, Sbarra D A (2017) Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States. American Psychologist, 72(6): 517–530. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/amp0000103; Holt-Lunstad J (2022) Social connection as a public health issue: The evidence and a systemic framework for prioritising the "social" in social determinants of health. Annual Review of Public Health, 43(1): 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-11073272 Office for National Statistics (ONS) (2021) Mapping Loneliness During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Exeter: ONS. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/articles/mappinglonelinessduringthecoronaviruspandemic/2021-04-07_73 Putnam R (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon & Shuster.74 Haldane A (2019) Ashington—Speech given at St. James' Park, Newcastle upon Tyne. 24 September, at 6. https://industrialstrategycouncil.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/Ashington%20-%20Andrew%20G%20Haldane%20speech%20(24%20September%202019).pdf75 Qureshi Z and Fyans J (2021) The Power of Pubs. Protecting Social Infrastructure and Laying the Groundwork for Levelling Up. London: Localis. https://localis.org.uk/research/the-power-of-pubs/76 BBC News (2022) Pub Numbers Fall to Lowest on Record. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-6203183377 Bolet D (2021) Drinking alone: Local socio-cultural degradation and radical right support—The case of British pub closures. Comparative Political Studies, 54(9): 1653–1692. https://doi.org/10.1177/001041402199715878 Gulluy C (2015) La France périphérique: Comment on a sacrifié les classes populaires. Paris: Flammarion.79 Abboud L and Nolsoe E (2022) The corner of France that explains Macron, Le Pen and a deep political divide. Financial Times, 14 April. https://www.ft.com/content/5bd5e791-9561-42a0-ac8c-f5bdeeb8130980 Adriaanse M (2020) Revanche van de "plekken die er niet meer toe doen". NRC Handelsblad, 29 July. https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2022/07/29/revanche-van-de-plekken-die-er-niet-meer-toe-doen-a413775981 Silver et al. (2020), see Reference 32.82 We draw here on Mackinnon et al. (2022), see Reference 12.