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Effects of SARS-CoV-2 gestational exposure and risk factors on neurodevelopment until 12 months: A prospective cohort study in Brazil

2023; Elsevier BV; Volume: 188; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105918

1872-6232

Gabriela Soutto Mayor Assumpção Pinheiro, Stela Maris Aguiar Lemos, Isadora de Araújo Martins, Gabriela Cintra Januário, Mila Lemos Cintra, Ana Vitória Silva Rodrigues Farias, Rafaela Martins dos Santos Oliveira, José Nélio Januário, Vívian Mara Gonçalves de Oliveira Azevedo, Aline Almeida Bentes, Cláudia Regina Lindgren Alves,

Infant Development and Preterm Care

The effects of SARS-CoV-2 gestational exposure on child development remain inconclusive. To analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 gestational exposure on neurodevelopment until 12 months. Prospective cohort study conducted in five municipalities in Southeast Brazil from August 2021 to September 2022. Infants were recruited from a serological survey performed during neonatal screening and followed up to 12 months old. We included 224 infants exposed to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and 225 non-exposed, according to the serology results of the newborn as well as their mothers and the maternal antenatal RT-PCR results. Developmental assessments were performed at 6 and 12 months using the Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children-Brazilian Version (SWYC-BR). Children with suspected developmental delay (SDD) at 6 and 12 months were considered at high risk for developmental delay (HRDD). Additionally, risk factors associated with SDD were examined. There were 111 children identified with SDD and 52 with HRDD. SARS-CoV-2 gestational exposure was not associated with SDD. Exposure in the first gestational trimester increased SDD risk by 2.15 times compared to the third. Cesarean delivery predicted SDD (OR 1.56; 95%CI 1.01–2.42) and HRDD (OR 1.91; 95%CI 1.04–3.48). Additionally, suspected maternal depression predicted SDD (OR 1.76; 95%CI 1.01–3.10). SARS-CoV-2 gestational exposure did not increase the developmental delay risk. However, our findings suggest that the earlier the gestational exposure, the greater the developmental delay risk at 12 months. Cesarean delivery and suspected maternal depression increased the developmental delay risk, independent of virus exposure.