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Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces

2024; IOP Publishing; Volume: 6; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b

2515-7647

Tie Jun Cui, Shuang Zhang, Andrea Alù, Martin Wegener, J. B. Pendry, Jie Luo, Yun Lai, Zuojia Wang, Xiao Lin, Hongsheng Chen, Pïng Chen, Rui‐Xin Wu, Yuhang Yin, Pengfei Zhao, Huanyang Chen, Yue Li, Ziheng Zhou, Nader Engheta, Viktar Asadchy, Constantin Simovski, Sergei Tretyakov, Biao Yang, Sawyer D. Campbell, Yang Hao, Douglas H. Werner, Shulin Sun, Lei Zhou, Su Xu, Hong‐Bo Sun, Zhou Zhou, Zile Li, Guoxing Zheng, Xianzhong Chen, Tao Li, Shining Zhu, Junxiao Zhou, Junxiang Zhao, Zhaowei Liu, Yuchao Zhang, Qiming Zhang, Miṅ Gu, Shumin Xiao, Yongmin Liu, X. Zhang, Yutao Tang, Guixin Li, Thomas Zentgraf, Kirill Koshelev, Yuri S. Kivshar, Xin Li, Trevon Badloe, Lingling Huang, Junsuk Rho, Shuming Wang, Din Ping Tsai, Anton Yu. Bykov, Alexey V. Krasavin, Anatoly V. Zayats, Cormac McDonnell, Tal Ellenbogen, Xiangang Luo, Mingbo Pu, F. J. García‐Vidal, Liangliang Liu, Zhuo Li, Wenxuan Tang, Hui Feng, Jingjing Zhang, Yu Luo, Xuanru Zhang, Hao Chi Zhang, Pei Hang He, Le Peng Zhang, Xiang Wan, Hao Wu, Shuo Liu, Wei Xiang Jiang, Xin Ge Zhang, Cheng‐Wei Qiu, Qian Ma, Che Liu, Long Li, Jiaqi Han, Lianlin Li, Michele Cotrufo, Christophe Caloz, Z-L Deck-Léger, Amir Bahrami, Oscar Céspedes, Emanuele Galiffi, Paloma A. Huidobro, Qiang Cheng, Jun Yan Dai, Jun Ke, Lei Zhang, Vincenzo Galdi, Marco Di Renzo,

Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research

properties of the optical surface plasmons in the microwave and terahertz frequencies using subwavelength artificial structures to construct the negative permittivity.The spoof surface plasmons also benefit from the realization in ultrathin corrugated metallic strips [14], as they are compatible with the printed circuit boards (PCBs) and integrated circuit technologies.Since the propagating and localized spoof surface plasmons were experimentally realized in PCBs in 2013 and 2014 [14, 15], this area flourishes with prospective applications emerging in microwave circuits, sensing, and wireless communications [16]. Roadmap Organization and AimIn this Roadmap, leading experts from various significant branches of metamaterials and metasurfaces present comprehensive overviews of these branches and anticipate their prospective trends.The key areas of research and technology addressed in this roadmap include: 1. Effective medium metamaterials: In Section 2, Luo and Lai firstly introduce the effective medium theories for non-Hermitian metamaterials in 2.1.Wang, Lin, and Chen review the negative refraction in 2.2; while Chen and Wu discuss the perfect lens and superlens based on metamaterials in 2.3.Then in 2.4, Yin, Zhao, and Chen investigate the advances of transformation optics, which provides precise control of the EM fields in an engineered physical space.In 2.5, Wegener introduces the challenges and recent advances of three-dimensional metamaterials.In 2.6, Li, Zhou, and Engheta review the metamaterials with extreme parameters, especially the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials that have exhibited various potential applications.In 2.7, Asadchy, Simovski, and Tretyakov review the roadmap of the chiral and bianisotropic metamaterials.In 2.8, Yang and Zhang introduce photonic topological metamaterials. Metasurfaces -Physics and applications:In Section 3, Sun and Zhou introduce the light-bending metasurfaces in both transmission and reflection configurations based on the generalized Snell's law in 3.1.In 3.2, Xu and Sun discuss the impact of advanced fabrication technologies on the realization of high-performance metasurfaces.Then in 3.3, Sun and Zhou review the complexamplitude metasurfaces, which have been widely investigated for beam forming, Airy Beam generation, and meta-holograms.In 3.4, Zhou et al. introduce the metasurface-assisted polarization optics, which provides a new platform to develop advanced optical devices with micrometer-scale footprint and unusual functionality.The real application advantages of the metalens technology are reviewed by Li and Zhu in 3.5.Zhou et al. describe the metasurfaces for multi-functional edge imaging in 3.6.In 3.7, Zhang et al. investigate the metasurfaces for holographic imaging, which offer an excellent tool to realize the holographic applications.In 3.8, Xiao discusses the active metasurfaces with tuning functions after fabrication, which are highly desirable and promising new platforms for 6G wireless communications, remote sensing, and radar applications.In 3.9, Liu and Zhang focus on introducing the metasurface biosensors.In 3.10, geometric phase-controlled nonlinear photonic metasurfaces are reviewed by Tang et al., exhibiting great flexibilities in controlling the phase, polarization, and amplitude of the generated nonlinear optical waves.In 3.11, Koshelev and Kivshar provide a brief summary of some of the observed effects in nonlinear optical metasurfaces.In 3.12, Li et al. review the nonlinear metasurfaces, which can act as a novel platform to demonstrate marvelous nonlinear optical effects.In 3.13, Wang, Tsai, and Zhu overview the metasurfaces applied in photonic quantum technologies, which have provided a wide variety of advanced optical quantum devices in quantum source generation, quantum state manipulation, quantum information processing, and quantumA c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t metasurface, i.e., reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and holographic massive MIMO transceivers, in the fields of wireless communications and radar sensing. Concluding RemarksFrom this roadmap, we are glad to see that big progresses have been achieved in the EM metamaterials and metasurfaces ranging from optics to microwaves.After decades of fast developments, the EM metamaterials and metasurfaces not only provide excellent platforms for EM-wave manipulations, but also bring out new disciplines for information sciences and communication technologies.The future for the EM metamaterials and metasurfaces looks bright, and there are exciting challenges and opportunities ahead from both fundamental sciences and engineering applications.