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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Near-Field Communications for 6G: Opportunities and Challenges

2024; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Volume: 19; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1109/mvt.2023.3345608

1556-6080

Xidong Mu, Jiaqi Xu, Yuanwei Liu, Lajos Hanzo,

Satellite Communication Systems

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided near-field communications are investigated. First, the necessity of investigating RIS-aided near-field communications and the advantages brought about by the unique spherical wave-based near-field propagation are discussed. Then, the family of patch array-based RISs and metasurface-based RISs is introduced along with respective near-field channel models. A pair of fundamental performance limits of RIS-aided near-field communications, namely, their power scaling law and effective degrees of freedom (EDOF), are analyzed for both patch array-based and metasurface-based RISs, which reveals the potential performance gains that can be achieved. Furthermore, associated near-field beam training and beamforming design issues are studied, where a two-stage hierarchical beam training approach and a low-complexity element-wise beamforming design are proposed for RIS-aided near-field communications. Finally, a suite of open research problems is highlighted for motivating future research.