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Neutralizing antibody response after immunization with a COVID‐19 bivalent vaccine: Insights to the future

2024; Wiley; Volume: 96; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/jmv.29416

1096-9071

Milena Silva Souza, Jéssica Pires Farias, Robert Andreata‐Santos, Marianne Pereira Silva, Ruth Dálety da Silva Brito, Marcia Duarte Barbosa da Silva, Cristina Mendes Peter, Marcus Vinícius de França Cirilo, Wilson Barros Luiz, Alexander Birbrair, Paloma Oliveira Vidal, Maria Fernanda de Castro‐Amarante, Erika Donizette Candido, Aldilene Silva Munhoz, Fernanda de Mello Malta, Erik Gustavo Dorlass, Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado, João Renato Rebello Pinho, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, Edison Luíz Durigon, Juliana T. Maricato, Carla Torres Braconi, Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira, Luiz Mário Janini, Jaime Henrique Amorim,

SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing

Abstract The raising of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants led to the use of COVID‐19 bivalent vaccines, which include antigens of the wild‐type (WT) virus, and of the Omicron strain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of bivalent vaccination on the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response. We enrolled 93 volunteers who had received three or four doses of monovalent vaccines based on the original virus ( n = 61), or a booster shot with the bivalent vaccine ( n = 32). Serum samples collected from volunteers were subjected to neutralization assays using the WT SARS‐CoV‐2, and Omicron subvariants. In addition, immunoinformatics to quantify and localize highly conserved NAb epitopes were performed. As main result, we observed that the neutralization titers of samples from individuals vaccinated with the bivalent vaccine were higher for the original virus, in comparison to their capacity of neutralizing the Omicron variant and its subvariants. NAb that recognize epitopes mostly conserved in the WT SARS‐CoV‐2 were boosted, while those that recognize epitopes mostly present in the Omicron variant, and subvariants were primed. These results indicate that formulation of future vaccines shall consider to target present viruses, and not viruses that no longer circulate.