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Event rates and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition in hospitalised SARS-CoV-2 positive children and young people and controls across different pandemic waves: exposure-stratified prospective cohort study in Moscow (StopCOVID)

2024; BioMed Central; Volume: 22; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1186/s12916-023-03221-x

1741-7015

Ekaterina Pazukhina, Mikhail Rumyantsev, Dina Baimukhambetova, Elena Bondarenko, Nadezhda Markina, Yasmin El-Taravi, Polina Petrova, Anastasia A. Ezhova, Margarita Andreeva, Екатерина Яковлева, Polina Bobkova, Maria Pikuza, Anastasia Trefilova, Elina Abdeeva, Aysylu Galiautdinova, Yulia Filippova, Anastasiia Bairashevskaia, Aleksandr Zolotarev, N. Bulanov, Audrey DunnGalvin, Anastasia S. Chernyavskaya, Elena Kondrikova, Anastasia Kolotilina, Svetlana Gadetskaya, Yulia V. Ivanova, Irina Turina, A. В. Eremeeva, Ludmila A. Fedorova, Pasquale Comberiati, Diego Peroni, Nikita Nekliudov, Jon Genuneit, Luis Felipe Reyes, Caroline L. H. Brackel, Lyudmila Mazankova, Alexandra Miroshina, Э. Р. Самитова, Svetlana Borzakova, Gail Carson, Louise Sigfrid, J. T. Scott, Sammie Mcfarland, Matthew Greenhawt, Danilo Buonsenso, Malcolm G. Semple, John O. Warner, Piero Olliaro, И. М. Османов, Anatoliy A. Коrsunskiy, Daniel Munblit, Khazhar Aktulaeva, Islamudin Aldanov, Nikol Alekseeva, Ramina Assanova, Asmik Avagyan, Irina Babkova, Lusine R. Baziyants, Anna Berbenyuk, Tatiana Bezbabicheva, Julia Chayka, Iuliia Cherdantseva, Yana Chervyakova, Tamara Chitanava, Alexander Chubukov, Natalia Degtiareva, G. V. Demyanov, Semen Demyanov, Salima Deunezhewa, Aleksandr A. Dubinin, Anastasia Dymchishina, Murad Dzhavadov, Leila A. Edilgireeva, В. В. Филиппова, Yuliia Frumkina, A.O. Gorina Gorina, Cyrill Gorlenko, M.R. Gripp, Mariia Grosheva, Eliza Gudratova, Elena Iakimenko, Margarita Kalinina, Ekaterina Kharchenko, Anna Kholstinina, Bogdan Kirillov, Herman Kiseljow, Natalya Kogut, Polina Kondrashova, Irina Konova, Mariia Korgunova, Anastasia Kotelnikova, Alexandra Krupina, Anna Kuznetsova, Anastasia S. Kuznetsova, Анна Сергеевна Кузнецова, Anastasia Laevskaya, Veronika Laukhina, B. B. Lavginova, Yulia Levina, Elza Lidjieva, Anastasia Butorina, Juliya Lyaginskaya, Ekaterina V. Lyubimova, Shamil Magomedov, Daria Mamchich, Rezeda Minazetdinova, Artemii Mingazov, Aigun Mursalova, Daria Nikolaeva, A. M. Nikolenko, Viacheslav Novikov, Georgiy Novoselov, U. R. Ovchinnikova, Veronika Palchikova, Kira Papko, M. S. Pavlova, А. А. Печеркина, Sof’ya A. Permyakova, Erika Porubayeva, Kristina Presnyakova, Максим Привалов, Alesia Prutkogliadova, Anna Pushkareva, Arina Redya, A. V. Romanenko, Filipp Roshchin, Diana Salakhova, Maria V. Sankova, Ilona Sarukhanyan, Viktoriia Savina, Ekaterina Semeniako, Valeriia Seregina, Anna Shapovalova, Khivit Sharbetova, Nataliya Shishkina, Anastasia Shvedova, V. A. Stener, Valeria Ustyan, Yana Valieva, Maria Varaksina, Katerina Varaksina, Ekaterina Varlamova, N. Vlasova, Margarita Yegiyan, Nadezhda Ziskina, Daniella Zolochevskaya, E. I. Zuykova,

COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

Abstract Background Long-term health outcomes in children and young people (CYP) after COVID-19 infection are not well understood and studies with control groups exposed to other infections are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) and incomplete recovery in CYP after hospital discharge and compare outcomes between different SARS-CoV-2 variants and non-SARS-CoV-2 infections. Methods A prospective exposure-stratified cohort study of individuals under 18 years old in Moscow, Russia. Exposed cohorts were paediatric patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection between April 2 and December 11, 2020 (Wuhan variant cohort) and between January 12 and February 19, 2022 (Omicron variant cohort). CYP admitted with respiratory and intestinal infections, but negative lateral flow rapid diagnostic test and PCR-test results for SARS-CoV-2, between January 12 and February 19, 2022, served as unexposed reference cohort. Comparison between the ‘exposed cohorts’ and ‘reference cohort’ was conducted using 1:1 matching by age and sex. Follow-up data were collected via telephone interviews with parents, utilising the long COVID paediatric protocol and survey developed by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC). The WHO case definition was used to categorise PCC. Results Of 2595 CYP with confirmed COVID-19, 1707 (65.7%) participated in follow-up interviews, with 1183/1707 (69%) included in the final ‘matched’ analysis. The median follow-up time post-discharge was 6.7 months. The incidence of PCC was significantly higher in the Wuhan variant cohort (89.7 cases per 1000 person-months, 95% CI 64.3–120.3) compared to post-infection sequalae in the reference cohort (12.2 cases per 1000 person-months, 95% CI 4.9–21.9), whereas the difference with the Omicron variant cohort and reference cohort was not significant. The Wuhan cohort had higher incidence rates of dermatological, fatigue, gastrointestinal, sensory, and sleep manifestations, as well as behavioural and emotional problems than the reference cohort. The only significant difference between Omicron variant cohort and reference cohort was decreased school attendance. When comparing the Wuhan and Omicron variant cohorts, higher incidence of PCC and event rates of fatigue, decreased physical activity, and deterioration of relationships was observed. The rate of incomplete recovery was also significantly higher in the Wuhan variant cohort than in both the reference and the Omicron variant cohorts. Conclusions Wuhan variant exhibited a propensity for inducing a broad spectrum of physical symptoms and emotional behavioural changes, suggesting a pronounced impact on long-term health outcomes. Conversely, the Omicron variant resulted in fewer post-infection effects no different from common seasonal viral illnesses. This may mean that the Omicron variant and subsequent variants might not lead to the same level of long-term health consequences as earlier variants.