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Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries

2024; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 15; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41467-024-44999-5

2041-1723

Giulia Andrighetto, Áron Székely, Andrea Guido, Michele J. Gelfand, Jered Abernathy, Gizem Arıkan, Zeynep Aycan, Shweta Bankar, Davide Barrera, Dana Basnight-Brown, Anabel Belaus, Elizaveta Berezina, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Juan-Camilo Cárdenas, Đorđe Čekrlija, Mícheál de Barra, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Angela Rachael Dorrough, Jan B. Engelmann, Hyun Euh, Susann Fiedler, Olivia Foster‐Gimbel, Gonçalo Freitas, Márta Fülöp, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Colin Mathew Hugues D. Gill, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, A. K. Grigoryan, Katarzyna Growiec, Hirofumi Hashimoto, Tim Hopthrow, Martina Hřebı́čková, Hirotaka Imada, Yoshio Kamijo, Hansika Kapoor, Yoshihisa Kashima, Narine Khachatryan, Natalia Kharchenko, Diana Marcela León, Lisa M. Leslie, Yang Li, Kadi Liik, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Angela T. Maitner, Pavan Mamidi, Michele McArdle, Imed Medhioub, María Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Sari Mentser, Francisco J. Morales, Jayanth Narayanan, Kohei Nitta, Ravit Nussinson, Nneoma Gift Onyedire, Ike E. Onyishi, Evgeny Osin, Seniha Özden, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Oleksandr Pereverziev, Lorena R. Perez‐Floriano, Anna‐Maija Pirttilä‐Backman, Marianna Pogosyan, Jana L. Raver, Cecilia Reyna, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Sara Romanò, Pedro Romero, Inari Sakki, Ángel Sánchez, Sara Sherbaji, Brent Simpson, Lorenzo Spadoni, Eftychia Stamkou, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Fiona Fira Winata, Rizqy Amelia Zein, Qingpeng Zhang, Kimmo Eriksson,

Culture, Economy, and Development Studies

The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat.