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Formation of New Mechanisms for Sustainable Development of the Rice Farming in Kyrgyzstan

2024; Springer International Publishing; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/978-3-031-51272-8_1

2522-8722

Eltar Smailov, Ruslanbek N. Arapbaev, Ainagul A. Kochkonbaeva, Zh.T. Samieva, Nurila K. Tashmatova,

Agricultural Systems and Practices

Rice farming in Kyrgyzstan uses ancient varieties and technologies of natural steam-thermal treatment and obtaining grains of rice by peeling in mills called “Ak-Zhubaz.” Rice contains more protein and fiber under the husk of unpolished rice, having a unique quality and taste. This paper aims to solve several disadvantages of the considered technology and discuss the preservation of the soil’s condition. The soils of the Osh Region, where rice is cultivated, are superior to the rice fields of the Batken Region in many agrochemical indicators. Soils in both zones are medium-loam in terms of their mechanical composition. All rice cultivation areas in the south are lowly endowed with exchangeable potassium. After harvesting rice, soil acidity (pH) does not change significantly; the content of various soil trace elements decreases by 1.8–3.7 times, which worsens soil fertility. The previous condition of the soil can be restored by introducing mineral fertilizers. In the Uzgen district, farmers use natural steam-thermal treatment of sheaves of unpolished rice depending on aging in bands (stacks) to obtain three colors of a rice grain from one variety of rice; this technology is patented. Depending on the color of the rice, changes in the chemical composition showed an internal change in rice, increasing polysaccharides, ash, pectin, and hemicellulose. There is a 1.3-fold increase in the content of trace elements in rice. The disadvantage of natural steam-thermal processing is the lack of control over the technological process. To preserve the qualitative indicators of rice, an installation for steam-thermal treatment of unpolished rice was developed, for which a patent was received.