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Performance and first measurements of the MAGIC stellar intensity interferometer

2024; Oxford University Press; Volume: 529; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/mnras/stae697

1365-2966

S. Abe, J. Abhir, V. A. Acciari, Arnau Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, T. Aniello, Stefano Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, Cornelia Arcaro, Manuel Artero, Katsuaki Asano, A. Babić, Andrés Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, Ivana Batković, A. Bautista, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, J. Bernete, A. Berti, Jürgen Besenrieder, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, Irene Burelli, G. Busetto, A. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, R. Carosi, M. Carretero-Castrillo, Giovanni Ceribella, Yating Chai, A. Cifuentes, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, Giacomo D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, Raniere de Menezes, Antonino Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, D. Dominis Prester, Alice Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsäesser, Gabriel Emery, Juan Escudero, L. Fariña, Alicia Fattorini, Luca Foffano, L. Font, Stefan Fröse, Satoshi Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. Garcı́a López, M. Garczarczyk, Sargis Gasparyan, M. Gaug, J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, Paweł Gliwny, T. Gradetzke, R. Grau, D Green, Jarred Gershon Green, Patrick Günther, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, Lea Heckmann, J. Herrera, Dario Hrupec, Moritz Hütten, Ryo Imazawa, Kazuma Ishio, Irene Jiménez Martínez, Jenni Jormanainen, T. Kayanoki, D. Kerszberg, Gert Werner Kluge, Y. Kobayashi, Pouya M. Kouch, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Miguel J. A. Láinez, A. Lamastra, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, Lena Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, Marcos López, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, E. Lyard, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, N. Mang, M. Manganaro, S. Mangano, K. Mannheim, M. Mariotti, M. Martı́nez, María Martínez-Chicharro, Alvaro Mas-Aguilar, D. Mazin, Stefano Menchiari, S. Mender, Davide Miceli, Tjark Miener, J. M. Miranda, Razmik Mirzoyan, Miguel Molero Gonzalez, E. Molina, H. A. Mondal, A. Moralejo, Daniel Morcuende, Takeshi Nakamori, C. Nanci, V. Neustroev, Lukas Nickel, M. Nievas Rosillo, Cosimo Nigro, L. Nikolić, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, T. Njoh Ekoume, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Yoshiki Ohtani, A. Okumura, Jorge Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Peresano, M. Persic, Marine Pihet, G. Pirola, Franjo Podobnik, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, G. Principe, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, Chiara Righi, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Bernd Schleicher, K. Schmidt, Felix Schmuckermaier, J. Schubert, T. Schweizer, A. Sciaccaluga, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Sitarek, Vitalii Sliusar, D. Sobczyńska, Alessia Spolon, A. Stamerra, Jelena Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, Sofia Suutarinen, H. Tajima, Mitsunari Takahashi, Ryuji Takeishi, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, Stefano Truzzi, Antonio Tutone, Santiago Ubach, Juliane van Scherpenberg, M. Vázquez Acosta, Sofia Ventura, Ilaria Viale, C. Vigorito, V. Vitale, R. Walter, Martin Will, Carolin Wunderlich, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, G. Chon, C. Díaz, Michele Fiori, M. Lobo, G. Naletto, M. Polo, Juan José Rodríguez-Vázquez, Prasenjit Saha, L. Zampieri,

Astronomy and Astrophysical Research

ABSTRACT In recent years, a new generation of optical intensity interferometers has emerged, leveraging the existing infrastructure of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The MAGIC telescopes host the MAGIC-SII system (Stellar Intensity Interferometer), implemented to investigate the feasibility and potential of this technique on IACTs. After the first successful measurements in 2019, the system was upgraded and now features a real-time, dead-time-free, 4-channel, GPU-based correlator. These hardware modifications allow seamless transitions between MAGIC’s standard very-high-energy gamma-ray observations and optical interferometry measurements within seconds. We establish the feasibility and potential of employing IACTs as competitive optical Intensity Interferometers with minimal hardware adjustments. The measurement of a total of 22 stellar diameters are reported, 9 corresponding to reference stars with previous comparable measurements, and 13 with no prior measurements. A prospective implementation involving telescopes from the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory’s Northern hemisphere array, such as the first prototype of its Large-Sized Telescopes, LST-1, is technically viable. This integration would significantly enhance the sensitivity of the current system and broaden the UV-plane coverage. This advancement would enable the system to achieve competitive sensitivity with the current generation of long-baseline optical interferometers over blue wavelengths.