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CONSTANS, a HUB for all seasons: How photoperiod pervades plant physiology regulatory circuits

2024; Oxford University Press; Volume: 36; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/plcell/koae090

1532-298X

J. Romero, Gloria Serrano, Carolina Camacho‐Fernández, Mateus Henrique Vicente, María Teresa Gil Ruiz, José R. Pérez‐Castiñeira, Javier Pérez-Hormaeche, Fábio Tebaldi Silveira Nogueira, Federico Valverde,

Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms

Abstract How does a plant detect the changing seasons and make important developmental decisions accordingly? How do they incorporate daylength information into their routine physiological processes? Photoperiodism, or the capacity to measure the daylength, is a crucial aspect of plant development that helps plants determine the best time of the year to make vital decisions, such as flowering. The protein CONSTANS (CO) constitutes the central regulator of this sensing mechanism, not only activating florigen production in the leaves but also participating in many physiological aspects in which seasonality is important. Recent discoveries place CO in the center of a gene network that can determine the length of the day and confer seasonal input to aspects of plant development and physiology as important as senescence, seed size, or circadian rhythms. In this review, we discuss the importance of CO protein structure, function, and evolutionary mechanisms that embryophytes have developed to incorporate annual information into their physiology.