Avian influenza overview December 2023–March 2024
2024; Wiley; Volume: 22; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8754
ISSN1831-4732
AutoresAlice Fusaro, José L Gonzales, Thijs Kuiken, Gražina Mirinavičiūtė, Éric Niqueux, Karl Ståhl, Christoph Staubach, Olov Svartström, Calogero Terregino, Katriina Willgert, Francesca Baldinelli, Roxane Delacourt, Alexandros Georganas, Lisa Kohnle,
Tópico(s)Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
ResumoEFSA JournalVolume 22, Issue 3 e8754 Scientific ReportOpen Access Avian influenza overview December 2023–March 2024 European Food Safety Authority, Corresponding Author European Food Safety Authority [email protected] [email protected] Correspondence:[email protected] and [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEuropean Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlSearch for more papers by this authorEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian InfluenzaSearch for more papers by this authorAlice Fusaro, Alice FusaroSearch for more papers by this authorJosé L. Gonzales, José L. GonzalesSearch for more papers by this authorThijs Kuiken, Thijs KuikenSearch for more papers by this authorGražina Mirinavičiūtė, Gražina MirinavičiūtėSearch for more papers by this authorÉric Niqueux, Éric NiqueuxSearch for more papers by this authorKarl Ståhl, Karl StåhlSearch for more papers by this authorChristoph Staubach, Christoph StaubachSearch for more papers by this authorOlov Svartström, Olov SvartströmSearch for more papers by this authorCalogero Terregino, Calogero TerreginoSearch for more papers by this authorKatriina Willgert, Katriina WillgertSearch for more papers by this authorFrancesca Baldinelli, Francesca BaldinelliSearch for more papers by this authorRoxane Delacourt, Roxane DelacourtSearch for more papers by this authorAlexandros Georganas, Alexandros GeorganasSearch for more papers by this authorLisa Kohnle, Lisa KohnleSearch for more papers by this author European Food Safety Authority, Corresponding Author European Food Safety Authority [email protected] [email protected] Correspondence:[email protected] and [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEuropean Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlSearch for more papers by this authorEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian InfluenzaSearch for more papers by this authorAlice Fusaro, Alice FusaroSearch for more papers by this authorJosé L. Gonzales, José L. GonzalesSearch for more papers by this authorThijs Kuiken, Thijs KuikenSearch for more papers by this authorGražina Mirinavičiūtė, Gražina MirinavičiūtėSearch for more papers by this authorÉric Niqueux, Éric NiqueuxSearch for more papers by this authorKarl Ståhl, Karl StåhlSearch for more papers by this authorChristoph Staubach, Christoph StaubachSearch for more papers by this authorOlov Svartström, Olov SvartströmSearch for more papers by this authorCalogero Terregino, Calogero TerreginoSearch for more papers by this authorKatriina Willgert, Katriina WillgertSearch for more papers by this authorFrancesca Baldinelli, Francesca BaldinelliSearch for more papers by this authorRoxane Delacourt, Roxane DelacourtSearch for more papers by this authorAlexandros Georganas, Alexandros GeorganasSearch for more papers by this authorLisa Kohnle, Lisa KohnleSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 March 2024 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8754 Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2024-00101 and Commission request 280 to ECDC (SANTE.B.2/IK/mo (2023)2182203) Acknowledgements: In addition to the listed authors, EFSA, ECDC and the EURL wish to thank the Member State representatives who provided epidemiological data on avian influenza outbreaks or shared sequence data: Jonida Boci, Aldin Lika, Ali Lilo, Keti Margariti and Erga Shkodra (Albania); Andrea Hoeflechner-Poeltl, Sandra Revilla-Fernández, Janna Vogelgesang and Irene Zimpernik (Austria); Philippe Houdard, Benedicte Lambrecht, Ingeborg Mertens, Mieke Steensels and Steven Van Borm (Belgium); Aleksandra Miteva and Emiliya Ivanova (Bulgaria); Tihana Miškić, Žaklin Acinger-Rogić, Ivana Lohman, Ljupka Maltar, Lucija Stupar and Savić Vladimir (Croatia); Vasiliki Christodoulou (Cyprus); Tomáš Jarosil, Alexander Nagy, Lucie Kalaskova, Petr Kucinsky, Miraslava Lutzova, Hynek Siksta and Luděk Závada (Czechia); Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager, Yuan Liang, Louise Fensholdt, Michelle Fischer Carlsen, Emilie Selby Hervard-Namer and Lone Thing Mortensen (Denmark); Tuija Gadd, Lauri Kareinen, Ari Kauppinen, Kitty Schulman, Niina Tammiranta and Tiia Tuupanen (Finland); Camille Boyer, François-Xavier Briand, Karen Bucher, Olivier Debaere, Béatrice Grasland, Andrea Jimenez-Pellicer, Sandra Karl, Gilles Salvat and Audrey Schmitz (France); Anja Globig, Timm Harder, Anne Pohlmann and Carola Sauter-Louis (Germany); Helyes Georgina and Zsofia Szepesine Kokany (Hungary); Zara Conlon, Laura Garza Cuartero, Audrey Jenkinson and Aisling Tracey (Ireland); Andrea Maroni Ponti, Grazia Manca, Isabella Monne, Paolo Mulatti, Luigi Ruocco, Francesca Scolamacchia, Lara Cavicchio and Bianca Zecchin (Italy); Manon Bourg, Vicky Bink, Guillaume Fournier and Chantal Snoeck (Luxembourg); Oxana Groza, Oxana Popa and Vitalie Caraus (Moldova); Nancy Beerens (Netherlands); Britt Gjerset, Silje Granstad, Anne Marie Jahr, Siri Margrete Løtvedt, Lars Erik Lundblad Rondestveit and Ole-Herman Tronerud (Norway); Jakub Kubacki, Paweł Meyer, Anna Pikula, Aleksandra Podrażka, Krzysztof Śmietanka, Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz, Edyta Swieton and Katarzyna Wawrzak (Poland); Renata Carvalho, Ana Nunes, Margarida Henriques and Yolanda Vaz (Portugal); Ioana Neghirla, Flavius Prelipcean and Iuliana Onita (Romania); Marta Bedriova, Martin Chudy, Vilem Kopriva, Erika Papiernikova and Barbora Pavlíková (Slovakia); Caroline Bröjer, Malin Grant, Karoline Jakobsson and Siamak Zohari (Sweden); Claudia Bachofen, Silke Bruhn and Dominique Suter (Switzerland). The authors also wish to thank Ron Fouchier from Erasmus Medical Center (Netherlands); Ian Brown from the Animal and Plant Health Agency (United Kingdom); Camille Delavenne from Ausvet Europe for conducting the data analysis under the contract OC/EFSA/ALPHA/2021/02; the authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID's EpiFlu™ Database, which is used for this assessment ( Annex C); Paolo Calistri and Christian Gortázar from EFSA's Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW); Erik Alm and Edoardo Colzani from ECDC as well as Inma Aznar, Milen Georgiev, Barbara Lanfranchi and Stefania Tampach from EFSA for the support provided to this scientific output. Declarations of interest: If you wish to access the declaration of interests of any expert contributing to an EFSA scientific assessment, please contact [email protected] Approved: 22 March 2024 Note: This article was originally published on the EFSA website http://www.efsa.europa.eu on 26 March 2024 as part of EFSA's urgent publication procedures. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Between 2 December 2023 and 15 March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks were reported in domestic (227) and wild (414) birds across 26 countries in Europe. Compared to previous years, although still widespread, the overall number of HPAI virus detections in birds was significantly lower, among other reasons, possibly due to some level of flock immunity in previously affected wild bird species, resulting in reduced contamination of the environment, and a different composition of circulating A(H5N1) genotypes. Most HPAI outbreaks reported in poultry were primary outbreaks following the introduction of the virus by wild birds. Outside Europe, the majority of outbreaks in poultry were still clustered in North America, while the spread of A(H5) to more naïve wild bird populations on mainland Antarctica is of particular concern. For mammals, A(H5N5) was reported for the first time in Europe, while goat kids in the United States of America represented the first natural A(H5N1) infection in ruminants. Since the last report and as of 12 March 2024, five human avian influenza A(H5N1) infections, including one death, three of which were clade 2.3.2.1c viruses, have been reported by Cambodia. China has reported two human infections, including one fatal case, with avian influenza A(H5N6), four human infections with avian influenza A(H9N2) and one fatal case with co-infection of seasonal influenza A(H3N2) and avian influenza A(H10N5). The latter case was the first documented human infection with avian influenza A(H10N5). Human infections with avian influenza remain rare and no sustained human-to-human infection has been observed. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian H5 influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general population in the EU/EEA. 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