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Guardians and Mediators of Metastasis: Exploring T Lymphocytes, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment

2024; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 25; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/ijms25116224

1661-6596

Maria Rosaria Ruocco, Armando Gisonna, Vittoria Acampora, Anna D’Agostino, Barbara Carrese, Jessie Santoro, Alessandro Venuta, Rosarita Nasso, Nicola Rocco, Daniela Russo, Annachiara Cavaliere, Giovanna Giuseppina Altobelli, Stefania Masone, Angelica Avagliano, Alessandro Arcucci, Giuseppe Fiume,

Immune Cell Function and Interaction

Breast cancers (BCs) are solid tumors composed of heterogeneous tissues consisting of cancer cells and an ever-changing tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME includes, among other non-cancer cell types, immune cells influencing the immune context of cancer tissues. In particular, the cross talk of immune cells and their interactions with cancer cells dramatically influence BC dissemination, immunoediting, and the outcomes of cancer therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent prominent immune cell populations of breast TMEs, and they have important roles in cancer immunoescape and dissemination. Therefore, in this article we review the features of TILs, TAMs, and MDSCs in BCs. Moreover, we highlight the mechanisms by which these immune cells remodel the immune TME and lead to breast cancer metastasis.