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Women in Nano Editorial

2024; American Chemical Society; Volume: 7; Issue: 16 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/acsanm.4c04215

2574-0970

Jacinta C. Conrad, M. A. Cotta, Kaoru Tamada, Andrews Nirmala Grace,

Nanotechnology research and applications

InfoMetricsFiguresRef. ACS Applied Nano MaterialsVol 7/Issue 16Article This publication is free to access through this site. Learn More CiteCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore citation options ShareShare onFacebookX (Twitter)WeChatLinkedInRedditEmailJump toExpandCollapse EditorialAugust 23, 2024Women in Nano EditorialClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!Jacinta C. ConradJacinta C. ConradChemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204 United StatesMore by Jacinta C. Conradhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-4772Mônica A. CottaMônica A. CottaInstituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859, BrazilMore by Mônica A. Cottahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-5179Kaoru TamadaKaoru TamadaInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, JapanMore by Kaoru Tamadahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-9924Andrews Nirmala GraceAndrews Nirmala GraceKorea Institute of Energy Research, KIER, Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University - Vellore, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, IndiaMore by Andrews Nirmala Gracehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-1716Open PDFACS Applied Nano MaterialsCite this: ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2024, 7, 16, 18089–18093Click to copy citationCitation copied!https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.4c04215https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04215Published August 23, 2024 Publication History Received 23 July 2024Published online 23 August 2024Published in issue 23 August 2024editorialCopyright © Published 2024 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissionsThis publication is licensed for personal use by The American Chemical Society. ACS PublicationsCopyright © Published 2024 by American Chemical SocietySubjectswhat are subjectsArticle subjects are automatically applied from the ACS Subject Taxonomy and describe the scientific concepts and themes of the article.Materials scienceNanomaterialsNanoscaleStudentsTwo dimensional materialsSPECIAL ISSUEThis article is part of the Women in Nano special issue.Part 1: Conversations among Guest EditorsClick to copy section linkSection link copied!ACS Applied Nano Materials celebrates our commitment to women researchers of all career stages doing outstanding research in the field with this Special Issue (Forum). The Special Issue (Forum) also serves as a reminder that gender equity is imperative for better science─and a better world.Before delving into the featured papers, our four women guest editors share their thoughts on the opportunities and challenges encountered by women researchers in nanoscience.Jacinta C. Conrad: I'm a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the University of Houston and an executive editor for ACS Applied Nano Materials. I am interested in applications of complex fluids and soft materials, such as antifouling surfaces and diagnostics.Kaoru Tamada: I am from Kyushu University in Japan, and my research field is in nanomaterials and plasmonics. I'm very happy to join this project.Mônica A. Cotta: I am a physics professor at the University of Campinas in Brazil, and I'm really excited about the interface between nanomaterials and biological processes as well as finding out new tools to develop biomedical devices.A. Nirmala Grace: I am Professor and Director, Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT, India. I am currently focusing on development of advanced 2D based materials, specifically MXene, for energy storage and energy harvesting applications.Jacinta C. Conrad: My first question is what area or topic are you most excited about that is covered by the journal scope of ACS Applied Nano Materials?Mônica A. Cotta: I get excited when I see new applications of materials I have worked with a long time ago. Like quantum dots, which have been studied for many decades, but people still find new applications today. MOFs and nanoporous materials are also exciting due to so many applications. But in the journal, I end up handling a lot of research papers using a physics approach, and it is hard to choose among them what is most interesting.Kaoru Tamada: I am a fundamental research scientist, so I am very curious about applied materials research related to the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), especially, research on materials fabrication for environmental applications.Jacinta C. Conrad: We are here to discuss the Special Issue on Women in Nano that we have put together. I wanted to ask a few questions about how being a woman has shaped your journey in this space. How do you think being a woman benefits or strengthens your research? And what strengths do you bring?Kaoru Tamada: I think this is may not be limited to the field of nanomaterials research, but women's different perspectives (from men) may generate new ideas even in research areas that have been established for many years. I get this feeling when I talked to scientists in other fields like the humanities or biomedical research (in Japan).Mônica A. Cotta: Applied materials is interdisciplinary by nature, joining people from physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and more─even dental science! So, you must be able to talk to all these people and respect what they know. And I think that the ability to talk and connect with people is really strong among women. Maybe it seems stereotyping, but it is really related to how we behave in society. Women are usually more prone to go into social or applied sciences, searching for something that involves people. In my research experience, I feel this ability helped a lot as I was able to relate to many people in different fields and find connections that male colleagues working in my department could not do it as well even when they tried hard. They gave up very easily on effective communications.There is also a unique strength that women can bring to nanomaterials research, which comes from our daily life. As a woman PI, I also feel that I can better empathize and encourage my students to succeed in their work.A. Nirmala Grace: I feel women bring a unique edge to nanomaterials research. Imagine blending diverse educational paths and innovative problem-solving techniques─that is what women bring to the table. This mix is not just refreshing; it drives creativity and opens up new ways to approach research design and experiments. Women are stellar at working collaboratively, a must-have in the multidisciplinary world of nanotechnology. Their knack for fostering team spirit is not just a nice to have; it is a game changer, making research groups more cohesive and output more impactful. Women's meticulous attention to detail ensures that nothing minor gets overlooked─those small factors that can hugely sway our results.Lastly, we as women are resilient in STEM, and we are no strangers to challenges. Facing significant biases yet pressing on, they bring a determination to their research that raises the bar for rigor and innovation. So, we as women do not just participate in nanotechnology─they propel it forward with their unique strengths and perspectives.Jacinta C. Conrad: Mônica and Nirmala brought out the importance of being able to work across disciplinary boundaries. Do you have examples of how you have worked across these boundaries in your research?Kaoru Tamada: I myself work in diverse fields of research, combining physics, chemistry, and biological sciences. We women with our communication skills can help in coordinating many scientists working in different fields. Communication is a very important practice because after all, science has been done by human beings.Mônica A. Cotta: For me, talking to biologists was really a hard test. I have a very fruitful collaboration with a molecular biologist, over 10 years long. I recall that in the beginning it was really tough, as we had a lot of quarrels due to miscommunications. The way we look at science is different, and it is nice that both of us approach it by making compromises in the end. Biology has to deal with many complex variables simultaneously; they cannot take a horse and make into an ideal sphere, like a physicist would do. Unfortunately, such good collaboration experience does not happen all the time.Jacinta C. Conrad: Let us now talk about some of the challenges that you might have faced in your career, working in as a scientist in this discipline. Could you share some of the challenges that you faced in your career that are related to being a woman?Mônica A. Cotta: Being a woman physicist is tough as we are no more than 10–20% of the community. The biggest challenge for me was when I decided to move to materials science research during my Ph.D., decades ago. I had to listen to comments like "you do not do physics anymore" or "materials science is following recipes". They got me frustrated at first, but eventually my work helped me shrug these comments away. Materials science is a much more welcoming field for women. However, 20 plus years after that, my physics students still get similar comments from their colleagues, and that is very disappointing.Jacinta C. Conrad: As a physicist, one of the reasons why I love the space of materials, broadly, is because that community has a different outlook on inclusion and making people feel welcome in the field.Kaoru Tamada: For my cases, all the fields of scientific research in Japan are not easy for women in general. However, compared to the traditional field like physics with a longer history, nanomaterials is a relatively new field, so it is easier for women to be integrated there. A relatively large number of Japanese women scientists work in this field compared to other more conventional branches of chemistry.A. Nirmala Grace: One big hurdle I've faced in the realm of nanomaterials research is this deep-seated bias that is pretty common across many scientific fields. It seems like women often get less access to the crucial things we need to thrive─like funding, mentorship, and chances to network. These gaps usually come from old-school practices and cultural norms that, maybe without meaning to, tilt the scales in favor of male researchers. It is also tough because we women are not as visible in STEM, especially in the higher ranks and in niche areas like nanotechnology. This scarcity of female presence can start a tough cycle where upcoming female scientists struggle to find mentors they can relate to or even see as role models.Then, there's the sheer demand of research work, which can really clash with personal life, and often, that burden falls more heavily on women. The usual academic setups do not really bend to accommodate flexible schedules, which makes juggling a science career and family life all the more challenging. Plus, there are these lingering stereotypes about gender roles that can skew the vibe at work, sometimes leaving women with less support or expectations that just are not as high as they might be for men.Jacinta C. Conrad: One of the ideas that you have collectively brought forward is that this is a new field and that it is easier for women to work in it. Is there something about nanomaterials or applied nanomaterials that might be particularly appealing to women?Mônica A. Cotta: I think that women are naturally more interested in the applied aspects of scientific research, especially applications that are related to social issues. For example, in our undergrad school, the percentage of women in medical physics is larger than for fundamental physics. Many research papers show that young women eventually get away from hard science, if it is not shown as diverse and inclusive and relatable to common needs. Materials science is appealing since it is at the base of technological development in our society, and women realize very quickly that it can benefit mankind in a very important way.Kaoru Tamada: In Japan, faculty positions in the universities in the traditional fields tend to be already filled mostly by men. Therefore, there is very little chance to join those fields and to get major funding for women. However, in the case of nanomaterials research, there is more space open for new people, especially female and young researchers, so in the end, Japanese female nanoscientists had more chance to get exposed in the field and to be a representative in the field.Mônica A. Cotta: The world right now is polarized, and progressive people question gender roles and stereotypes. To be honest, my family does not know much of what I do, and I gave up explaining my career to them. I just do not fit into any stereotype they feel more comfortable with. So even within inner circles, we are challenged every day for the kind of work we do, particularly for women in Latin America. Therefore, finding partnership and inclusion among colleagues in materials science is really great!Jacinta C. Conrad: Of course, in the US right now there are real challenges related to efforts to include members of groups that have been historically underrepresented or excluded. Because science is global, being aware of the different cultural aspects is also important for understanding how to grow a field. The last question I have is, what changes would you suggest or would need to happen to improve the climate, to continue to make this field of applied nanomaterials and this discipline of materials science a good place for women and other groups to work in? How can we better these fields?Kaoru Tamada: I'm a university vice president responsible for diversity, equity, and inclusion, so my opinion is very generalized to that perspective, not specific to chemistry or physics. In order to promote the active participation of women, I believe it is extremely important to create a climate where women are accepted, welcomed, and feel free to speak out. I think that women can fully engage in scientific research nowadays, and women are not a minority in science anymore. In fact, 50% of humanity is women, so women are not a minority to begin with. However, if women have been treated as a minority throughout history, women should not just wait for someone to create an environment for them, but rather actively participate and create a system that is comfortable for them.Mônica A. Cotta: Women are a minoritized majority. We are usually the majority in population but the minority in terms of rights and respect. The main problem with women is in society in general. So, we need to create a culture of inclusion just like Kaoru said, by moving forward diversity and equity policies which can change culture in the long term. But first of all, we need to "remind ourselves" of gender issues in our daily life, to fight against microaggressions and build up representation, occupying spaces in which we are not usually present. In particular, nanoscience research strongly demonstrates how diversity provides a more welcoming environment, which in turn makes the field advance much faster.A. Nirmala Grace: I feel many research environments just are not built with everyone's needs in mind, and that can really throw off work–life balance and overall job satisfaction, especially for women. Imagine how much more inviting workplaces could be if they offered flexible working hours, solid support for parental leave, and child care solutions. These changes could make a huge difference in making everyone feel welcome. Now, when it comes to research funding, there's a noticeable lean toward projects led by men. This imbalance limits the resources that could flow into women-led research. We need funding bodies to step up, make their processes crystal clear, and maybe even earmark some funds specifically for projects led by women or other historically excluded groups; though there are some specific projects existing now, these need to be increased.Recognition is another big area. Women's contributions in nanotechnology, like in many fields, often do not get the spotlight they deserve. Institutions could really help change the narrative by actively celebrating these achievements with awards and public acknowledgments. This not only boosts the profile of women scientists but also lights up the path for the next generation. Networking is crucial too. Women sometimes face extra hurdles here, both internal and external. Boosting support for women-specific professional networks can open a lot of doors, and ensuring that conferences and symposiums strive for gender balance in speakers and attendees would also level the playing field. By tackling these issues, we can create a more equal and dynamic environment in nanotechnology research.Jacinta C. Conrad: I will add that finding support is crucial for women researchers. That includes financial support, to ensure that women and other people can pursue questions that are of interest to them and that may be beneficial to society. I think that we can all agree with the need to continue to fund these activities.Kaoru Tamada: I am proud of this "Women in Nano" Special Issue because we are providing exposure to high quality research activities done by women scientists. Many talented women researchers are willing to present their latest results in this Special Issue, which means that they are very positive to take this kind of action in our nanomaterials society─that is a great thing for the future of our society. We hope this Special Issue will deliver our message that women's participation in science is invaluable.Jacinta C. Conrad: I'm also excited that this Special Issue includes contributions from women at all stages in their research careers and from at least 16 countries. Both are shifts toward greater inclusion.Our Special Issue (Forum) also collected several author responses to the question: "What strengths do you bring to nanomaterials research as a woman, and what challenges have you encountered in this discipline?"Dr. Afriyanti Sumboja, Associate Professor, Indonesia: Women can bring a unique perspective to nanomaterials research by emphasizing collaborative approaches. Especially, women's ability to empathize and communicate effectively across diverse teams can foster strong teamwork, leading to innovative solutions and better outcomes in scientific research. Moreover, most female scientists have experienced navigating challenges in a male-dominated environment, which honed their resilience and determination, qualities that are invaluable in pushing the boundaries in nanomaterials research.Dr. Roya Majidi, Associate Professor, Iran: I consider myself fortunate that my family, professors, and colleagues have provided me with equal opportunities for education and research as a woman. However, I have encountered the challenge of society's perception that women, due to family responsibilities, physical conditions, and emotional sensitivities, may not be able to consistently and deeply commit themselves to scientific research. Consequently, I have consistently exerted greater effort than men to demonstrate my abilities and achieve similar professional and research opportunities. I am delighted that now, as a university professor specializing in nanophysics, I have the opportunity to inspire the next generation of female scientists in my country to pursue their passions. I strive to show them that their aspirations are indeed within reach.Dr. Celia Machado Ronconi, Professor, Brazil: In nanomaterials research, my strengths include a solid educational background, creativity in developing new materials with innovative properties, and curiosity about material properties at the nanoscale. However, challenges arise from the field's male dominance, which limits opportunities for women and leads to frequent over-scrutiny. This environment demands technical expertise, resilience, and assertiveness from women to succeed.Dr. Manasa Nune, Associate Professor, India: As a woman I feel proud to be in the STEM field especially the area of nanomaterials which gives me an opportunity to work in the areas which have tremendous potential to be brought into the translation from lab to market. I can foresee that I could contribute to the societal development especially for the healthcare sector. I did face a few challenges in the field initially with respect to gender specific prejudices, work–life balance, etc. but could overcome them gradually, and I attribute it to the wonderful mentors that I had in my research as well as life journey which include both men and women.Isabela da Costa Tonon, Ph.D. student at University of Campinas, works on 2D materials: As a woman, I believe that throughout our lives we are required to have the ability to adapt and perceive the particularities of situations and places very quickly and dynamically, to think and act. In the academic context, this often allowed me a broader perspective to think about and attack scientific problems in the nanomaterials area. Working with mostly male researchers in the field also allows me to reflect on other perspectives and compare my own opinions to make suggestions. At the same time, I feel a little lonely and questioning my future opportunities. Will I have the same opportunities as others? Does this (gender) matter or is it your network that will open doors? Is my niche the best career path, not just academically, but in life? Who do I talk to about these things if my male colleagues often don't share my questions. I can debate them to some extent, but I know it wouldn't be the same as talking to another woman in the nanomaterials area.Patricia Duarte de Almeida, Ph.D. student at University of Campinas, works on nanocomposites for sensors: I believe that, as a woman who has worked in other areas of physics, I can adapt more quickly to changes. I have learned to seek change to achieve better results, to move through frustration rather than remaining stagnant because of it. As for the challenges, one that I encountered was communicating my ideas and being understood by someone outside my area. It's easy to stay in a comfort zone and assume that everyone will understand what you are saying, rather than adapting your language to communicate with everyone. However, it is very important that we do this.Dr. Ayumi Hirano-Iwata, Professor, Japan: In Japan, women scientists face challenges in securing academic positions and promotions. It is not unusual for them to switch research fields in order to obtain a position. I started my career as a graduate student in chemistry, then worked as a postdoctoral fellow in biology, and now I am a professor of physics (electronics). I also teach mathematics in my classes. As a result, I have gained experience in a variety of scientific fields. In the relatively new field of nanomaterials research, I find it beneficial to draw on my diverse research background, which has become a source of originality in my work.Part 2: Highlights of Featured PapersClick to copy section linkSection link copied!As the guest editors of this Forum (Special Issue) on Women in Nano, we are delighted to present 50 papers resulting from the work of women in applied nanomaterials. Our Forum (Special Issue) features articles authored by women from at least 16 countries across career stages from graduate students to professors and practicing scientists. The articles in this Special Issue (Forum) feature applications addressing the most urgent challenges currently faced by their societies:Energy generation and storage. The transition away from fossil fuels and toward clean, abundant, and sustainable energy requires technologies to generate and store energy from renewable sources. Zhang et al. describe an approach to increase the efficiency of photovoltaics (10.1021/acsanm.3c01653). The studies by Mishra et al., Mohan et al., Gangavarapu et al., Maheshwari et al., and Kim et al. advance the development of supercapacitors for energy storage (10.1021/acsanm.3c01897, 10.1021/acsanm.3c05803, 10.1021/acsanm.3c04101, 10.1021/acsanm.4c01697, 10.1021/acsanm.4c02216), and Sahoo et al. report technologies for anodes in energy storage devices (10.1021/acsanm.3c05066). Apparla et al. briefly review the use of carbon nanomaterials in metal-ion hybrid capacitors (10.1021/acsanm.4c01889).Chemical and fuel production. Cali et al. and Velioğlu et al. use nanomaterials in critical chemical process applications (10.1021/acsanm.3c04126, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03526). Replacing hydrogen produced from fossil fuel sources with that produced using renewable energy is also an essential part of the transition away from fossil fuels. Basu et al., Pal et al., Pan et al., Preethi V et al., and Sumboja et al. employ nanomaterials to produce hydrogen through water splitting, including the oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution (10.1021/acsanm.3c03203, 10.1021/acsanm.3c02870, 10.1021/acsanm.3c02909, 10.1021/acsanm.3c04129, 10.1021/acsanm.3c02092), and Sharma et al. review advances in nanotextured surfaces for water splitting (10.1021/acsanm.3c04083).Clean water. Ensuring access to clean water requires innovative technologies to detect and remove contaminants as well as harvest water from unconventional sources. Jost et al. and Sai et al. use nanomaterials to improve detection of contaminants, including metal ions as well as agricultural contaminants (10.1021/acsanm.3c05627, 10.1021/acsanm.3c04104). The papers by Badhulika et al. and Lee et al. describe strategies to degrade contaminants (10.1021/acsanm.3c02070, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03622), and Noah reviews the state of nanoparticle-laden membranes for water purification (10.1021/acsanm.3c04110). Finally, Neeroli Kizhakayil et al. report a method to harvest water from the atmosphere (10.1021/acsanm.4c00110).Human health. Early detection is an effective strategy for combating disease. The papers by Bonnani et al., Lee et al., and Parihar and Khan describe nanomaterial-enabled advances in methods to detect metabolites and biomarkers (10.1021/acsanm.3c06157, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03650, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03234), and Liu reports nanowire-based electrodes for health monitoring (10.1021/acsanm.3c03457). The small size and ready functionalization of nanoparticles makes them attractive as carriers for theranostics. Innovative nanocarrier-based delivery systems from Papadakis et al., Ronconi et al., Tanner et al., Wang et al., and Yao et al. along with Pellegrino et al.'s study of the interactions of nanoparticles with cell membranes highlight the opportunities of nanomedicine for treating conditions from sepsis to cancer and the challenges that must be overcome for effective delivery (10.1021/acsanm.3c03826, 10.1021/acsanm.3c04519, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03807, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03592, 10.1021/acsanm.4c02015, 10.1021/acsanm.3c04107).Agricultural monitoring. Nanomaterial-based sensors offer opportunities to improve outcomes in agriculture. The contributions from Martsinovich et al. and Thangamuthu et al., respectively, report sensors for soil health and soil contaminants (10.1021/acsanm.3c04147, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03148).Electronic devices. Experimental studies from Arora et al., Hirano-Iwata et al., and Khaustov et al. as well as computational studies from Majidi and Chen et al. describe applications in nanomaterials for optoelectronic devices to detect and control light (10.1021/acsanm.3c03151, 10.1021/acsanm.3c04080, 10.1021/acsanm.3c01314, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03264, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03764). Mišeikis et al. present a new design for a Hall sensor, which is used to detect speed or position (10.1021/acsanm.3c03920), and Au and Shehayeb review the use of nanoporous organic frameworks in light-emitting diodes (10.1021/acsanm.3c05190).Advanced materials. Novel applications are enabled by developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanoscale structures and assemblies. Reviews by Moores and Catingan, Seabra et al., and Spangler and Vigil highlight advances in different areas of nanomaterials design (10.1021/acsanm.3c04756, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03482, 10.1021/acsanm.3c04277). Nune et al., Pantano et al., and Watanabe et al. investigate the processing of nanoparticle-based materials for applications in 3-D bioprinting, functional composites, and smart films (10.1021/acsanm.3c02962, 10.1021/acsanm.3c02946, 10.1021/acsanm.3c03940). Hamad-Schifferli et al. use paperfluidic devices to synthesize nanoparticles and chemicals (10.1021/acsanm.4c01669). Lee et al. report a new method for nanoscale imaging (10.1021/acsanm.3c04361). Finally, Ahmed et al. introduce a field-driven nanorobotic system (10.1021/acsanm.3c04143).While the focus of this Special Issue (Forum) is on applications enabled through advances in nanomaterials, we also wish to emphasize the common scientific themes that will continue to drive forward the innovative use of materials in these spaces:Role of dimensionality. From 0-D quantum dots to 1-D nanotubes to 2-D thin films and nanosheets to 3-D nanoparticles, nanoscale dimensions impart properties that are not found in bulk materials. Applications in nanomaterials will continue to benefit from the development of synthetic routes to control dimension across a wide range of chemistries.Interactions with ions and molecules: Many of the achievements highlighted in this Special Issue (Forum) are enabled by specific interactions of ions or molecules with nanoscale materials. Further advances in methods to characterize and tailor these interactions are essential for advancing applications from the ultrasensitive detection of analytes to catalytic production of fuels and chemicals.Self- and directed assembly: The organization from the nanoscale to microscale to mesoscale determines the function of hierarchically structured materials. Scalable routes to generate complex multiscale structures, whether driven by self-assembly or by application of fields, will continue to inspire novel functional applications.We thank all the authors for their contributions to this Special Issue (Forum) focused on the achievements of women in applied nanomaterials.Author InformationClick to copy section linkSection link copied!Corresponding AuthorJacinta C. Conrad, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204 United States, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-4772AuthorsMônica A. Cotta, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-5179Kaoru Tamada, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-9924Andrews Nirmala Grace, Korea Institute of Energy Research, KIER, Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University - Vellore, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-1716NotesViews expressed in this editorial are those of the authors and not necessarily the views of the ACS.Cited By Click to copy section linkSection link copied!This article has not yet been cited by other publications.Download PDFFiguresReferencesOpen PDF Get e-AlertsGet e-AlertsACS Applied Nano MaterialsCite this: ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2024, 7, 16, 18089–18093Click to copy citationCitation copied!https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04215Published August 23, 2024 Publication History Received 23 July 2024Published online 23 August 2024Published in issue 23 August 2024Copyright © Published 2024 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissionsArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-Learn about these metrics closeArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. 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