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Approaches and methods to study wildlife cancer

2024; Wiley; Volume: 93; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/1365-2656.14144

1365-2656

Mathieu Giraudeau, Orsolya Vincze, Sophie M. Dupont, Tuul Sepp, Ciara Baines, Jean‐François Lemaître, Karin Lemberger, Sophie Gentès, Amy M. Boddy, Antoine M. Dujon, Georgina Bramwell, Valerie Harris, Beáta Újvári, Catherine Alix‐Panabières, Stéphane Lair, David Sayag, Dalia A. Conde, Fernando Colchero, Tara M. Harrison, Samuel Pavard, Benjamín Padilla‐Morales, Damien Chevallier, Rodrigo Hamede, Benjamín Roche, Tamás Malkócs, Athena C. Aktipis, Carlo C. Maley, James DeGregori, Guillaume Le Loc’h, Frédéric Thomas,

Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology

Abstract The last few years have seen a surge of interest from field ecologists and evolutionary biologists to study neoplasia and cancer in wildlife. This contributes to the One Health Approach, which investigates health issues at the intersection of people, wild and domestic animals, together with their changing environments. Nonetheless, the emerging field of wildlife cancer is currently constrained by methodological limitations in detecting cancer using non‐invasive sampling. In addition, the suspected differential susceptibility and resistance of species to cancer often make the choice of a unique model species difficult for field biologists. Here, we provide an overview of the importance of pursuing the study of cancer in non‐model organisms and we review the currently available methods to detect, measure and quantify cancer in the wild, as well as the methodological limitations to be overcome to develop novel approaches inspired by diagnostic techniques used in human medicine. The methodology we propose here will help understand and hopefully fight this major disease by generating general knowledge about cancer, variation in its rates, tumour‐suppressor mechanisms across species as well as its link to life history and physiological characters. Moreover, this is expected to provide key information about cancer in wildlife, which is a top priority due to the accelerated anthropogenic change in the past decades that might favour cancer progression in wild populations.