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First imported Cases of MPXV Clade Ib in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Implications for Global Surveillance and Transmission Dynamics

2024; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1101/2024.09.12.24313188

Daniel Mukadi‐Bamuleka, Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Noëlla Mulopo-Mukanya, Adrienne Amuri-Aziza, Áine O’Toole, Brigitte Modadra-Madakpa, Guy Mutombo Ndongala, Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki, Sydney Merritt, Cris Kacita, Gaston Lubambo Maboko, Jean-Claude Makangara-Cigolo, Michel Ngimba, Emmanuel Lokilo, Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu, Gradi Luakanda, Tavia Bodisa-Matamu, Zephanie Paluku Kalimuli, Prince Akil-Bandali, Sifa Kavira, Daan Jansen, Adèle Kavira Kamaliro, Emile Muhindo-Milonde, Jeriel Mufungizi, Y Hamisi, Hugo Kavunga, Olivier Tshiani, Sabin S. Nundu, Laurens Liesenborghs, Nicole A. Hoff, Jean B. Nachega, Robert Shongo, Ahidjo Ayouba, Genay Pilarowski, Alain Kakule Mangolopa, Amos Kiuka Ebondo, Nicola Low, Souradet Y. Shaw, Samuel Wilkinson, Sofonias K. Tessema, Lorenzo Subissi, Éric Delaporte, Koen Vercauteren, Tony Wawina-Bokalanga, Anne W. Rimoin, Martine Peeters, Nicholas J. Loman, Andrew Rambaut, Jean‐Jacques Muyembé‐Tamfum, Lisa E. Hensley, Jason Kindrachuk, Placide Mbala‐Kingebeni, Steve Ahuka‐Mundeke,

Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments

ABSTRACT The ongoing national mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has resulted in more >30,000 suspected cases in the country from January 2023 to August 2024. While these historic case totals have been driven by primarily by zoonosis, the emergence of Clade Ib monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is connected to more sustained human-to-human transmission, has been associated with increasing public health impacts in eastern DRC. First identified in South Kivu province, Clade Ib MPXV has been identified in multiple non-endemic East African countries for the first time. In DRC, there have been concerns over broader Clade Ib expansion in the country that could further complicate containment and mitigation responses. Here, we report the first introductions of Clade Ib into North Kivu province, including within internal displacement camps, with suspected close contact transmission that includes non-intimate contacts and children. These findings demonstrate that mpox case investigations and community messaging campaigns should include considerations for non-sexual contact-mediated transmission of Clade Ib that includes children <15 years.