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Carbon and Energy Balance in a Primary Amazonian Forest and Its Relationship with Remote Sensing Estimates

2024; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 16; Issue: 19 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/rs16193606

2072-4292

Mailson P. Alves, Rommel B. C. da Silva, Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva, Bergson Guedes Bezerra, Keila Rêgo Mendes, Larice A. Marinho, Melahel L. Barbosa, Hildo Giuseppe Garcia Caldas Nunes, Guilherme Martins, Theomar Trindade de Araújo Tiburtino Neves, Raoni Aquino Silva de Santana, Lucas Vaz Peres, Alex Santos da Silva, Petia Oliveira, Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho, Wilderclay Machado, Iolanda Maria Soares Reis, Marcos César da Rocha Seruffo, Avner Brasileiro dos Santos Gaspar, WALDEIR DOS SANTOS PEREIRA, Gabriel Brito Costa,

Forest ecology and management

With few measurement sites and a great need to validate satellite data to characterize the exchange of energy and carbon fluxes in tropical forest areas, quantified by the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and associated with phenological measurements, there is an increasing need for studies aimed at characterizing the Amazonian environment in its biosphere–atmosphere interaction, considering the accelerated deforestation in recent years. Using data from a flux measurement tower in the Caxiuanã-PA forest (2005–2008), climatic data, CO2 exchange estimated by eddy covariance, as well as Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) data and satellite vegetation indices (from MODIS), this work aimed to describe the site’s energy, climatic and carbon cycle flux patterns, correlating its gross primary productivity with satellite vegetation indices. The results found were: (1) marked seasonality of climatic variables and energy flows, with evapotranspiration and air temperature on the site following the annual march of solar radiation and precipitation; (2) energy fluxes in phase and dependent on available energy; (3) the site as a carbon sink (−569.7 ± 444.9 gC m−2 year−1), with intensity varying according to the site’s annual water availability; (4) low correlation between productivity data and vegetation indices, corroborating data in the literature on these variables in this type of ecosystem. The results show the importance of preserving this type of environment for the mitigation of global warming and the need to improve satellite estimates for this region. NDVI and EVI patterns follow radiative availability, as does LAI, but without direct capture related to GPP data, which correlates better with satellite data only in the months with the highest LAI. The results show the significant difference at a point measurement to a satellite interpolation, presenting how important preserving any type of environment is, even related to its size, for the global climate balance, and also the need to improve satellite estimates for smaller areas.