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The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks

2024; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 8; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41559-024-02564-9

2397-334X

Lidong Mo, Thomas W. Crowther, Daniel S. Maynard, Johan van den Hoogen, Haozhi Ma, Lalasia Bialic‐Murphy, Jingjing Liang, Sergio de‐Miguel, G.J. Nabuurs, Peter B. Reich, Oliver L. Phillips, Meinrad Abegg, Constant Yves Adou Yao, Giorgio Alberti, Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Braulio Vílchez Alvarado, Esteban Álvarez‐Dávila, Patricia Álvarez-Loayza, Luciana F. Alves, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Christian Ammer, Clara Antón‐Fernández, Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, Luzmila Arroyo, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Timothy R. Baker, Radomir Bałazy, Olaf Bánki, Jorcely Barroso, Meredith L. Bastian, Jean‐François Bastin, Luca Birigazzi, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho, Pascal Boeckx, Frans Bongers, Coline C. F. Boonman, Olivier Bouriaud, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Susanne Brandl, Francis Q. Brearley, Roel Brienen, Eben N. Broadbent, Helge Bruelheide, Filippo Bussotti, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Ricardo G. César, Goran Češljar, Robin L. Chazdon, Han Y. H. Chen, Chelsea Chisholm, Hyunkook Cho, Emil Cienciala, Connie J. Clark, David B. Clark, Gabriel Dalla Colletta, David A. Coomes, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, José Javier Corral‐Rivas, Philip M. Crim, Jonathan Cumming, Selvadurai Dayanandan, André Luís de Gasper, Mathieu Decuyper, Géraldine Derroire, Ben DeVries, Ilija Djordjević, Jiří Doležal, Aurélie Dourdain, Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang, Brian J. Enquist, Teresa J. Eyre, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, Tom M. Fayle, Ted R. Feldpausch, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Leena Finér, Markus Fischer, Christine Fletcher, Lorenzo Frizzera, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Damiano Gianelle, Henry B. Glick, David J. Harris, Andy Hector, Andreas Hemp, Geerten Hengeveld, Bruno Hérault, John Herbohn, Martin Herold, Peter Hietz, Annika Hillers, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Cang Hui, Thomas Ibanez, Nobuo Imai, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Tommaso Jucker, Ilbin Jung, V.N. Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Elizabeth Kearsley, David Kenfack, Deborah Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer‐Rojas, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, Timothy J. Killeen, Hyun Seok Kim, Kanehiro Kitayama, Michael Koehl, Henn Korjus, Florian Kraxner, Dmitry E. Kucher, Diana Laarmann, Mait Lang, Simon L. Lewis, Yuanzhi Li, Gabriela López‐González, Huicui Lu, Н. В. Лукина, Brian Maitner, Yadvinder Malhi, Éric Marcon, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, James K. McCarthy, Jorge A. Meave, Omar Melo‐Cruz, Casimiro Mendoza, Irina Mendoza-Polo, Stanisław Miścicki, Cory Merow, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanessa S. Moreno, Sharif A. Mukul, Philip Mundhenk, María Guadalupe Nava‐Miranda, David Neill, Victor J. Neldner, Radovan Nevenić, Michael R. Ngugi, Pascal A. Niklaus, Petr Ontikov, Edgar Ortiz‐Malavasi, Yude Pan, Alain Paquette, Alexander Parada‐Gutierrez, E. I. Parfenova, Minjee Park, Marc Parren, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Pablo Luís Peri, Sebastian Pfautsch, Nicolas Picard, María Teresa Fernández Piedade, Daniel Piotto, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Lourens Poorter, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, John R. Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Freddy Ramírez Arévalo, Zorayda Restrepo‐Correa, Sarah J. Richardson, Mirco Rodeghiero, Samir Rolim, Anand Roopsind, Francesco Rovero, Ervan Rutishauser, Purabi Saikia, Christian Salas, Philippe Saner, Peter Schall, M.J. Schelhaas, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen, Bernhard Schmid, Jochen Schöngart, Eric B. Searle, Vladimír Šebeň, Josep M. Serra‐Diaz, Douglas Sheil, А. Shvidenko, Ana Carolina da Silva, Javier E. Silva‐Espejo, Marcos Silveira, James Singh, Plínio Sist, Ferry Slik, Bonaventure Sonké, Ênio Sosinski, Alexandre F. Souza, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Jens‐Christian Svenning, Miroslav Svoboda, Ben Swanepoel, Natália Targhetta, N. M. Tchebakova, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas, Елена Тихонова, Peter M. Umunay, V. А. Usoltsev, Renato Valencia, Fernando Valladares, Peter M. van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Tran Van Do, Michael E. Van Nuland, Rodolfo Vásquez, Hans Verbeeck, Hélder Viana, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Klaus von Gadow, Huifang Wang, James E. M. Watson, Gijsbert D. A. Werner, Florian Wittmann, Hannsjoerg Woell, Verginia Wortel, Roderick Zagt, Tomasz Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao, Mo Zhou, Zhi‐Xin Zhu, Irié C. Zo‐Bi, Constantin M. Zohner,

Tree-ring climate responses

Abstract The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.