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The efficacy of cognitive stimulation, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation for people living with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2024; Springer International Publishing; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/s11357-024-01400-z

2509-2715

Alice Paggetti, Ylenia Druda, Francesco Sciancalepore, Francesco Della Gatta, Antonio Ancidoni, Nicoletta Locuratolo, Paola Piscopo, Luca Vignatelli, Luciano Sagliocca, Antonio Guaita, Piero Secreto, Andrea Stracciari, Paolo Caffarra, Nicola Vanacore, Elisa Fabrizi, Eleonora Lacorte, Paolo Caffarra, Antonio Guaita, Piero Secreto, Andrea Stracciari, Nicola Vanacore, Luciano Sagliocca, Luca Vignatelli, Petronilla Battista, Consuelo Borgarelli, Chiara Cerami, Annalisa Chiari, Massimo Corbo, Antonio Da Costa, Maria Sofia Cotelli, A. Dodich, Elisa Faè, Elisa Favaretto, Vincenza Frisardi, L Fubini, M. Gandelli, Donata Gollin, Daniele Imperiale, C Ivaldi, F. Izzicupo, Alessandro Lanzoni, Valentina Lavermicocca, Mario Lazzarino, Rosa Liperoti, Massimiliano Massaia, G. Menabue, Maria Angela Molinari, Adolfo Morelli, A. Peruzzi, F Piazza, Marco Possenti, Cristian Ricci, S. Russo, Patrizia Spadin, Gianfranco Spalletta, Davide Zenaro, Antonio Ancidoni, Francesco Della Gatta, Enrico Fabrizi, Eleonora Lacorte, Nicoletta Locuratolo, Paola Piscopo, Daniela Coclite, Alice Josephine Fauci, Antonello Napoletano, Ilaria Bacigalupo, Guido Bellomo, Marco Canevelli, Elena Carbone, Alessio Crestini, Eugenio Distaso, Ylenia Druda, Sandro Blasi Espósito, Giorgio Fumagalli, Sandra Morelli, A. Paggetti, Giulia Remoli, Roberto Rivabene, Simone Salemme, Francesco Sciancalepore, Martina Valletta, Nicola Veronese, Valerio Zaccaria, Chiara Bini, F.S. Mennini, Paolo Sciattella, A. Ceccarini, Zuzana Mitrova, Scilla Pizzarelli, Rosella Saulle, Sabina Gainotti, Luciana Riva, Carlo Petrini, Salvatore Masi, F. Nonino, G Martelli, Maria Cristina Porrello,

Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery

Cognition-oriented treatments (COTs) are a group of non-pharmacological treatments aimed at maintaining or improving cognitive functioning. Specific recommendations on the use of these interventions in people living with dementia (PLwD) are included in the Italian Guideline on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment, developed by the Italian National Institute of Health. This systematic review and meta-analysis, based on the GRADE methodology, is part of the guideline. Considered outcomes included the cognitive functions, quality of life, and functional abilities of PLwD, taking into account disease severity, modality and system of delivery, and form of the intervention. The effectiveness of these interventions on caregivers' outcomes was also assessed. Both group and individual cognitive stimulation were reported as effective in supporting cognitive functions in PLwD at any degree of severity. Individual cognitive training and group cognitive training were reported as effective in improving global cognitive functions in people with mild dementia. Cognitive rehabilitation appeared to be effective only in improving the functional abilities of people with mild dementia. Cognitive rehabilitation appeared to be the most effective in improving caregivers' outcomes, with results suggesting a reduction in care burden. The observed differences in the effectiveness of these interventions in people with different disease severity can be explained by the intrinsic characteristics of each intervention. Despite the large number of available studies, a high clinical, statistical, and methodological heterogeneity was observed. More methodologically rigorous studies are needed to clarify the effectiveness of each protocol and modality of intervention.