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Evaluating the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Effects of Eminium spiculatum Plant Extracts

2024; SAGE Publishing; Volume: 19; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1177/1934578x241299230

1934-578X

Mahmoud Khalid, Fuad Al‐Rimawi, Mayar Fawadleh, Zaidoun Salah, Latifah Al Shammari, Sasikumar Dhanarasu, Haya Ayyal Salman, Ghassab M. Al‐Mazaideh,

Natural product bioactivities and synthesis

Introduction Plants have long been used for medicinal purposes, but synthetic drugs emerged with scientific advancements. However, these synthetic drugs often have harmful side effects. Natural products, particularly plants, offer safer alternatives with bioactive compounds that can be used for synthesizing new drugs and developing natural remedies. Methods Utilizing an ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique, two distinct preparations of Eminium spiculatum (E. spiculatum) extract were produced. These extracts were obtained using ethanol solutions at concentrations of 100% and 50%, respectively. The biological activities of E. spiculatum extracts were evaluated using chemical assay methods. Specifically, the study assessed the antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties of these extracts through standardized chemical techniques. The antimicrobial impact was examined against E.coli, Streptococcus species, as well as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using the well diffusion method. Furthermore, anticancer tests demonstrated activity against HT29 (colon cancer cells) and MCF7 (breast cancer cells). Results The findings revealed complete cell death with both 100% as well as 50% ethanol extracts compared to the control. The extracts exhibited notable antioxidant scavenging capacity against the stable radical DPPH, with values of 298.7 ± 3.3 and 190.8 ± 2.2 µmol Trolox/g for 50% and 100% ethanolic extracts, respectively. These outcomes can be attributed to the extracts’ abundant phenolic content (107.3 ± 3.1 and 99.7 ± 2.0 mg GAE/g for 50% and 100% ethanolic extracts, respectively) and flavonoid content (67.9 ± 2.9 and 45.6 ± 2.8 mg catechin/g for 50% and 100% ethanolic extracts, respectively). Conclusion The assessment of E. spiculatum plant extracts revealed significant antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. The extracts demonstrated promising potential for drug development, particularly in the areas of cancer treatment and the production of novel antibacterial drugs. Further exploration of extraction methods to isolate the bioactive compounds could enable E. spiculatum to contribute to the synthesis of safe and effective drugs in the future.