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Evaluation of Trends in Influenza A and B Viruses in Wastewater and Human Surveillance Data: Insights from the 2022–2023 Season in Italy

2024; Springer Science+Business Media; Volume: 17; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/s12560-024-09622-2

1867-0342

Pamela Mancini, David Brandtner, Carolina Veneri, Giusy Bonanno Ferraro, M. Iaconelli, Simona Puzelli, Marzia Facchini, Giuseppina Di Mario, Paola Stefanelli, Luca Lucentini, Andrea Muratore, Paolo Torlontano, Giuseppe Aprea, Silvia Scattolini, Vicdalia Aniela Acciari, Mariangela Mininni, Rosa Anna Cifarelli, Achille Palma, Giuseppe Lauria, Giovanna La Vecchia, Edoardo Malacaria, Giuseppe Folino, Adelaide Calabria, Giorgia Bulotta, Angelo D’Argenzio, Luigi Cossentino, Giovanna Fusco, Maurizio Viscardi, Alessandra Tosco, Amalia Porta, Antonia Voli, Francesca Pennino, Annalisa Lombardi, Paola Angelini, Daniele Nasci, Giovanni Loris Alborali, Nicoletta Formenti, Flavia Guarneri, Nadia Fontani, Marco Guercio, Lisa Gentili, Marika Mariuz, Gabriella Trani, Anna Pariani, Laura De Lellis, Carla Ancona, Alessandra Barca, Flavia Serio, Doriana Antonella Giorgi, Irene Ferrante, Monica Monfrinotti, Maria Teresa Scicluna, Antonella Cersini, Gabriele Pietrella, Claudio Ottaviano, Mariaconcetta Arizzi, Acea Elabori, Elena Nicosia, Nadia Fontani, Marco Guercio, Elena Grasselli, Alberto Izzotti, Irene Tomesani, Marta Bellisomi, Stefano Rosatto, Emanuela Ammoni, Danilo Cereda, Barbara Bertasi, Desdemona Oliva, Marcella Guiso, Sara Castiglioni, Silvia Schiarea, S. Binda, V. Prímache, Laura Pellegrinelli, Clementina Cocuzza, Andrea Franzetti, Luigi Bolognini, Fabio Filippetti, Marta Paniccià, Sara Briscolini, Silvia Magi, Annalisa Grucci, Michele Colitti, Angela Ciccaglione, Carmen Montanaro, Giuseppe Aprea, Silvia Scattolini, Vicdalia Aniela Acciari, Bartolomeo Griglio, Angela Costa, Lucia Decastelli, Alessandro Bianchi, Elisabetta Carraro, Cristina Pignata, Lisa Richiardi, Silvia Bonetta, Nehludoff Albano, Giuseppe Di Vittorio, Onofrio Mongelli, Francesca Apollonio, Francesco Triggiano, Osvalda De Giglio, Maria Teresa Montagna, Mario Palermo, Carmelo Massimo Maida, Walter Mazzucco, Fabio Tramuto, Simona De Grazia, Anna Giammanco, Chiara Filizzolo, Giuseppa Purpari, Francesca Gucciardi, Margherita Ferrante, Antonella Agodi, Martina Barchitta, Piergiuseppe Calà, Annalaura Carducci, Marco Verani, Ileana Federigi, Matteo Ramazzotti, Gian María Rossolini, Salvatore Macrì, Ermanno Federici, Maya Petricciuolo, Agnese Carnevali, Mauro Ruffier, Lorena Masieri, Eric Grange, Florida Damasco, Francesca Russo, Gisella Pitter, Vanessa Groppi, Franco Rigoli, Marco Zampini, Tatjana Baldovin, Irene Amoruso, Maria Cadonna, Mattia Postinghel, Paola Foladori, Francesca Cutrupi, Alberta Stenico, D. E. Lea, Morelli Marco, Dossena Matteo, Elisabetta Suffredini, Giuseppina La Rosa,

Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a recognized, dynamic approach to monitoring the transmission of pathogens in communities through urban wastewater. This study aimed to detect and quantify influenza A and B viruses in Italian wastewater during the 2022–2023 season (October 2022 to April 2023). A total of 298 wastewater samples were collected from 67 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) across the country. These samples were analyzed for influenza A and B viruses (IAV, IBV) using primers originally developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for real-time PCR and adapted for digital PCR. The overall detection rates of IAV and IBV across the entire study period were 19.1% and 16.8%, respectively. The prevalence of IAV in wastewater showed a gradual increase from October to December 2022, peaking at 61% in December. In contrast, IBV peaked at 36% in February 2023. This temporal discrepancy in peak concentrations suggests different seasonal patterns for the two influenza types. These trends mirrored human surveillance data, which showed influenza A cases peaking at 46% in late December and declining to around 2% by April 2023, and influenza B cases starting to increase significantly in January 2023 and peaking at about 14% in March. IAV concentrations ranged from 9.80 × 102 to 1.94 × 105 g.c./L, while IBV concentrations ranged from 1.07 × 103 to 1.43 × 104 g.c./L. Overall, the environmental data were consistent with the human surveillance trends observed during the study period in the country. These results demonstrate the value of WBE in tracking epidemiological patterns and highlight its potential as a complementary tool to infectious diseases surveillance systems.