Polarization-Mode Dispersion
2002; Elsevier BV; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/b978-012395173-1/50015-3
AutoresH. Kogelnik, R.M. Jopson, L.E. Nelson,
Tópico(s)Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics
ResumoPolarization mode dispersion (PMD) is a linear effect that can be compensated in principle. In an ideal circularly symmetric fiber, the two orthogonally polarized modes have the same group delay. However, in reality, fibers exhibit a certain amount of birefringence because of imperfections in the manufacturing process or mechanical stress on the fiber after manufacture. It is noted that fluctuations in the polarization mode and fiber birefringence produced by the environment lead to dispersion that varies statistically with time and frequency. PMD causes different delays for different polarizations and when the difference in the delays approaches a significant fraction of the bit period, it leads to pulse distortion and system penalties. Environmental changes— including temperature and stress—cause the fiber PMD to vary stochastically in time. PMD, illustrating the basic concepts, the measurement techniques, the PMD measurement, the PMD statistics for first- and higher orders, the PMD simulation and emulation, the system impairments, and the mitigation methods has been summarized in the chapter. Both the optical and the electrical PMD compensations are considered.
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