Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

II. Meşrutiyet Sürecinde Osmanlı Devleti’nde Ordu-Siyaset İlişkileri Üzerine Genel Bir Bakış (An Overview to Relations between Army-Policy in Ottoman State During the II. Constitutional Monarchy Course)

2014; RELX Group (Netherlands); Linguagem: Inglês

1556-5068

Suat Zeyrek,

Ottoman Empire History and Society

Turkish Abstract: 3. Ordu’ya mensup muvazzaf subaylarin destegiyle yapilan 1908’deki Jon Turk darbesiyle siyasete uzun bir aradan sonra buyuk bir baski yapilmisti. Aslinda halkin, mesrutiyet taleplerine ve saraya karsi harekete katildigi soylenemez. Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, 1908 darbesini gerceklestirmis fakat ordudaki bolunmeyi onleyememisti. Bolunmeyle birlikte birtakim subaylar ordunun gorevi disina cikmasina ve siyasilesmesine karsi cikmislardi. Orduda siyasilesmenin etkisiyle alayli - mektepli kavgasi baslamisti. Ittihatcilar hem mektepli hem de aktif siyaset icinde yer aldiklarindan dolayi iktidar icin tehdit unsuruydular. ITC – ordu iliskilerine bakildiginda, cemiyetin ordusu degil de ordunun cemiyeti soz konusuydu. Cemiyet adeta orduya bagimli gibiydi. Mesrutiyet’i ilan etmek icin daga cikan subaylar, sokaga inmislerdi. Ordu modernlesme surecine girdigi halde savas kabiliyetini artirabilmis degildi. 31 Mart olayini bastiran Mahmut Sevket Pasahemen Harbiye Naziri ardindan uc ordunun mufettisi olmustu. Artik Istanbul basta olmak uzere ulke genelinde Hareket ordusunun etkinligi hissedilmeye baslamisti. Mahmut Sevket Pasa’nin uygulamalarina ve ordu – siyaset iliskilerine karsi tepkisel mahiyette bazi olaylar meydana gelmisti. Bunun en onemlisi 1912’de gerceklesen Halaskar Zabitan Hareketi’dir. Bu grup,secimlerin yenilenmesini ve ordunun siyaset yapmamasini istiyordu. Sunduklari beyannamede aslinda kendileri de siyaset yapmaktaydilar.Ornegin mesruti esaslara dayali bir yonetim talep ediyorlardi. Bu hareket neticesinde ittihatci kesimce desteklenen Sait Pasa hukumeti cekilmek zorunda kaldi. Bu makalede mesrutiyet doneminde ordu-siyaset iliskileri incelenmis, bunun sebep ve sonuclari uzerinde durulmustur. Gorevlerini kotuye kullanan subaylarin, siyaseti cikarlarina alet ettikleri, menfaat sagladiklari gorulmustur. Iki gruba bolunen subaylarin aslinda birbirlerine degil ulkeye zarar verdikleri,yasanan olaylarla kendini gostermistir. Arnavutluk olaylari ve Balkan Savasi’nda yasanan olumsuzluklar bunun acik bir kanitidir. English Abstract: The Young Turk coup in 1908 was made with the support of active duty officers. Committee of Union and Progress in these years, during the liberal wing of the Unionist wing factions form is reserved Stroke from 1908 actually performs the army conservatives, liberals, was capturing between Unionists and neutrals. Neutrals don't want politicized soldiers and the army must be only defense-oriented. Cutting and sarcastic Conservative were more connecting to the sultan. Unionists scholar and threatened by their management as well as taking part in active politics. ITC - from military relations, society, society of the army there was not an army. Society seemed to depend almost the army. Officers in particular, the effect of this feeling can not do normal periods, not only they had to be activities. Before you go to the mountain you may came on the scene to declare, and then drive into the street. During this period, non-political integrity Sevket Mahmud Pasha largely in the hands of the military government. The rebel movement in 1909 (Case of 31) were suppressed by the commander. However, Sevket Mahmud Pasha, the politicization of the military's support and rebellion on behalf of the CUP, stressed that only the country has been disposed of in the name of it. This article examines relations between military and civil during Musrutiyet period by focusing on the causes and their consequences. It was observed that officers were abusing their duties and they were using politics in own interests. After the events in the country it was shown that the officers who were divided into two groups did not harm each other only, but were actually damaging the country. Events in Albania and difficulties experienced during Balkan wars are vivid evidences of this.