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Intervention sociologique et d�veloppement durable: le cas de la gestion int�gr�e des zones c�ti�res

2000; EDP Sciences; Volume: 8; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Francês

10.1016/s1240-1307(00)80004-7

1765-2979

Bernard Kalaora, Lionel Charles,

Agriculture and Rural Development Research

Born in the eighties, politically legitimised at the Rio conference, the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) notion names “a continuous and dynamic process which combines government and society, science and management, private and public interests in the preparation and execution of a plan concerning protection and development of coastal systems and resources: it aims at maximizing long term choices, emphasizing resources and their reasoned and reasonable use”. The ICZM process originates in the failure of former segmentized and short term development strategies, unable to cope with the multiple interactions of the development process. It encompasses an extremely wide range of phenomenons, economic, social, political, environmental, in a sustainable perspective. The social scientist's involvement in the process reaches beyond the specific fields of competence of actors, politicians, experts, managers, etc. Rooted in guidelines and diversified knowledges of local and regional realities, it aims at breaking down divisions and letting emerge dynamics in which all private and public actors, including social groups and even individuals, can take part and be involved in decision-making through proceedings basically anchored in communication, understood as a performative process, and ethics rather than expertise: an open and democratic undertaking which can be summed up as good governance. This process runs along with a renewed applied anthropology, which gives individuals and people a full recognition. Such an approach remains fragile and does not escape criticism, yet, it sets into a conceptual framework deeply influenced by American pragmatism, the more able to face the complex stakes concerning long term coastal zones development as it is backed with considerable funding capacities, close following and analysis of projects and growing worldwide experience. Apparue dans les années quatre-vingt, légitimée politiquement lors de la conférence de Rio, la notion de gestion intégrée des zones côtières désigne « un processus dynamique qui réunit gouvernement et société, sciences et décideurs, intérêts publics et privés dans la préparation et l'exécution d'un plan sur la protection et le développement des systèmes et ressources côtières: il vise à maximiser les choix à long terme, mettant l'accent sur les ressources, leur choix raisonné et raisonnable . L'intervention du social scientist dans un tel processus se situe au-delà des champs de compétence spécifiques des acteurs, politiques, experts, décideurs. Fondée sur des orientations et des connaissances multiples des réalités locales et régionales, elle vise le décloisonnement et l'émergence d'une dynamique associant l'ensemble des parties prenantes à travers une démarche qui emprunte aux registres de l'éthique et de la communication plus qu'à l'expertise. Elle s'appuie sur le renouveau d'une anthropologie appliquée accordant aux populations toute leur place. Une approche de ce type s'ancre dans un pragmatisme d'inspiration américaine; elle s'efforce d'apporter des réponses concrètes à la complexité des enjeux de long terme propres aux littoraux.