INTERFERENCES IN IMMUNOASSAYS
1996; Elsevier BV; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/b978-012214730-2/50008-x
AutoresJames J. Miller, Stanley S. Levinson,
Tópico(s)Historical Medical Research and Treatments
ResumoThis chapter discusses the sources of interferences that are specific to immunoassays and their detection mechanisms. The interference may be positive or negative and may vary in magnitude depending on the concentration of the interfering substance in the sample. The sources of interferences include cross-reactivity, endogenous interfering antibodies, masked antigens, interferences with the indicator mechanism, and matrix effects. The examples will be predominantly for quantitative assays, but the same sources and mechanisms also apply to qualitative immunoassays. In addition, examples will include a variety of assay formats including two-site “sandwich” assays, competitive binding (CB) assays, and nephelometric assays, but the principles also apply to other types of immunoassays such as radial immunodiffusion and agglutination techniques. In recent years, there have been many methodological advances in immunoassays including monoclonal antibody technology, nonisotopic detection systems, and two-site sandwich assays. These advances have allowed great improvements in sensitivity, convenience in terms of automation and rapid turn-around times, and development of immunoassays for many “new” analytes. However, these improvements have been accompanied by some new types of interference.
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