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AQUACULTURA E RECURSOS PESQUEIROS: ALTERNATIVA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SÓCIO-ECONÔMICO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

1996; EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA; Volume: 13; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Português

10.35977/0104-1096.cct1996.v13.8999

1678-3964

J. F. de Queiroz, Ezequias Viana de Moura,

Fish biology, ecology, and behavior

A exploracao indiscriminada dos estoques pesqueiros naturais, atualmente proximos do seu limite auto-sustentavel, e a crescente diferenca entre a quantidade de peixe capturado e a demanda de consumo tornaram a aquacultura uma das alternativas mais viaveis no mundo para producao de alimentos para consumo humano de alto valor proteico. As projecoes estatisticas indicam que no ano 2000 a producao mundial da aquacultura atingira 22,2 milhoes de toneladas (o dobro da producao de 1983) e ira representar 25% do total da producao pesqueira. A previsao e de que os paises orientais irao desenvolver um papel muito importante na expansao da aquacultura, especialmente nos paises tropicais e subtropicais, onde as condicoes ecologicas sao extremamente favoraveis, o que no futuro podera reverter a posicao de predominância dos paises asiaticos, que no momento detem aproximadamente 80% da producao mundial. O Brasil, em especial a regiao Nordeste, dispoe de uma serie de condicoes favoraveis a exploracao da aquacultura, como, por exemplo: condicoes climaticas excepcionais, que determinam as maiores produvidades do Pais, disponibilidade de terras e agua para a criacao de varias especies de organismos aquaticos, mao-de-obra abundante e incentivos fiscais. Alem disso, a implementacao de projetos de piscicultura e/ou carcinicultura no Nordeste possibilitarao o seu consorciamento com a agricultura e a pecuaria, o que contribuira para o desenvolvimento do semi-arido nordestino, por intermedio da geracao de recursos economicos e sociais decorrentes dos inumeros polos geradores de alimentos e empregos; tambem aumentara a demanda por servicos especializados em consultoria tecnica, construcao de viveiros, treinamento de mao-de-obra especializada, fabricacao de racoes e producao de alevinos e pos-larvas. O Rio Grande do Norte e um dos poucos estados brasileiros que reune uma serie de condicoes favoraveis ao desenvolvimento da aquacultura por meio da exploracao dos seus ecossistemas marinho, estuario e, principalmente, de aguas interiores na regiao do semi-arido, que dispoe de um volume de agua acumulada superior a 3,5 bilhoes de m3 apenas nos acudes com capacidade superior a 1 milhao m³. AQUACULTURE AND FISHING EXPLOITATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE ABSTRACT The increase of exploitation of natural fishing stocks, actually close to their self-sustainable limits, and the differences among the quantities of captured fisheries and the consumption demand, turned on Aquaculture as one of the most viable alternatives at world level for the production of food with high protein value for human consumption. The estimates indicate that in 2000 the world aquaculture production will reach 22.2 million mt (the double of 1983 production) and it will represent 25% of total fishery production. The ocidental countries willrepresent an important role in aquaculture expantion, specially in the tropics and subtropics, where ecological conditions are well favorable. Thus in the future this situation could modify the predominant position of the oriental countries, which at the moment represent approximatelly 80% of the world seafood production. Brazil, and particularly the Northeast region, have a serie of favorable conditions for the exploitation of aquaculture, such as: exceptional climatic conditions, which are responsable for the highest productivities founded in the whole country, disponibility of land and water appropriate for the culture of several aquatic species, abundant labor work and taxes incentives. In addition, the implantation of fish and/or crustacean culture projects at the Northeast will allow their consortiation with the agriculture and cattle breeding, which will contribute significativelly for the development of the Northeast semi-arid region, through the generation of economical and social resources, due to the establishment of many poles for generation of food and jobs, as well as it will increase the demand for specialized services in technical consultance, pond constructions, labor training, ration plants, and production of shrimp post-larvae and fish fry. The Rio Grande do Norte State is one of the few Brazilian states which has a serie of favorable conditions for the development of Aquaculture through the exploitation of the marine, estuarine, and mostly the fresh water ecosystem, which in the semi-arid region has a volume of acumulated water superior to 3,5 billion m 3 (only for the water sources with more than 1 million m 3 ). The absence of a fishing policy in Brazil to promote a R&D program has affected directelly the activity, causing the worse results at the last years, pushing Brazil from the second to the fourth place in production of protein. Therefore Brazil is now the biggest importer of fish in Latin America, which means a nonsense due to the existing potential for fishing exploitation all over the country. This situation could be changed if adequate and urgent initiatives were undertaken, with the objective to promote the regional development for the fishing and aquaculture businesses. So, the establishment of a national R&D program for these priority areas is needed, taking into consideration the particularities of each region and the impact on the environment.