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The Role of Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate in the Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism

1984; Academic Press; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/b978-0-12-152823-2.50006-4

0070-2137

T.H. Claus, M. Raafat El‐Maghrabi, David M. Regen, H. B. Stewart, Molly M. McGrane, Paul D. Kountz, Fritz Nyfeler, J Pilkis, S.J. Pilkis,

Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (fructose 2,6-P2) is a unique sugar diphosphate that is an important regulator of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. This chapter describes the discovery and identification of the compound and its chemical synthesis; discusses the regulation of its concentration in liver and of the enzymes responsible for its metabolism; summarizes what is known of the mechanism of the effect of fructose 2,6-P2 in the regulation of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity; and describes the role of this effector in the regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. Fructose 2,6-P2 has been found in all mammalian tissues that have been studied. The highest concentrations have been found in liver, brain, and heart muscle. Lower concentrations have been found in skeletal muscle, kidney, and epididymal fat. It has also been detected in rat pancreatic islets, and its concentration increases upon exposure of the islets to glucose. The compound has been isolated also from Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on glucose, from mung beans, and from spinach leaves.