Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxins
2014; Linguagem: Catalão
10.1128/9781555816513.ch38
Autores Tópico(s)Biochemical and Structural Characterization
ResumoChapter 38 Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxins Gregory A. Bohach, Gregory A. BohachSearch for more papers by this author Gregory A. Bohach, Gregory A. BohachSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Vincent A. Fischetti, Vincent A. FischettiSearch for more papers by this authorRichard P. Novick, Richard P. NovickSearch for more papers by this authorJoseph J. Ferretti, Joseph J. FerrettiSearch for more papers by this authorDaniel A. Portnoy, Daniel A. PortnoySearch for more papers by this authorJulian I. Rood, Julian I. RoodSearch for more papers by this author First published: 03 March 2006 https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555816513.ch38 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary This chapter talks about Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins fall into three general groups: (i) membrane-active agents, (ii) pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs), and (iii) exfoliative toxins (ETs). Researchers proposed the existence of delta-toxin as the fourth cytolytic S. aureus toxin in 1947. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and gamma-toxin are two prototypic bicomponent toxins. Unfortunately, the rapid rate of new toxin discovery has resulted in more than one SE being given the same designation in the literature. Therefore, it is now recommended that nomenclature for new PTSAgs be assigned by the International Nomenclature Committee for Staphylococcal Superantigens prior to publication. The major cytokines induced initially include IL-1, tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta, interferon-γ, and IL-2. The ETs have been conclusively implicated in staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS). Two antigenically distinct forms, designated ETA and ETB, are the best characterized ETs and are produced most frequently by phage group II by S. aureus isolates; strains expressing ETs constitute agr group IV staphylococcal isolates. Lesions in SSSS and mice are characterized by separation of stratum granulosa cells causing intraepidermal skin peeling. References Aarestrup, F. M., H. D. Larsen, N. H. Eriksen, C. S. Elsberg, and N. E. Jensen. 1999. Frequency of alpha- and beta-haemolysin in Staphylococcus aureus of bovine and human origin. A comparison between pheno- and geno-type and variation in phenotypic expression. APMIS 107: 425–430. 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1999.tb01576.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ahrens, P., and L. O. Andresen. 2004. 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